Exam question 3 · Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the spots of the seven-spot ladybird.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, spots

This is exam question 3 of lesson 306 «Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases and six legs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 spots	det
11	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	17 ladybird	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 ladybird	det
14	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 spot	nummod
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 seven	punct
16	spot	spot	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 ladybird	compound
17	ladybird	ladybird	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 spots	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the spots of the spot ladybird		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus spot=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

The number of spots indicates the species and does not alter with age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 number	det
2	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 indicates	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 spots	case
4	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 number	nmod
5	indicates	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 species	det
7	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 indicates	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 alter	cc
9	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 alter	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 alter	advmod
11	alter	alter	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 indicates	conj
12	with	with	ADP	_	13 age	case
13	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 alter	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	present	the number of spots	the species					vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot species=Topic
2	not alter	present · do-support	the number of spots not said here				with age		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with age=Instrument

Option 2

The number of spots decreases as the insect ages

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 number	det
2	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 decreases	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 spots	case
4	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 number	nmod
5	decreases	decrease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	as	as	ADP	_	9 ages	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ages	det
8	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ages	compound
9	ages	age	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 decreases	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decrease	present	the number of spots				as the insect ages		vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

The number of spots indicates the number of eggs laid

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 number	det
2	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 indicates	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 spots	case
4	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 number	nmod
5	indicates	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 number	det
7	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 indicates	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 eggs	case
9	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 number	nmod
10	laid	lay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 eggs	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	present	the number of spots	the number of eggs					vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot number=Topic
2	lay	participle		eggs not said here					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

The number of spots increases by one with each year of life

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 number	det
2	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 increases	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 spots	case
4	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 number	nmod
5	increases	increase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 one	case
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 increases	obl
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 year	case
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	10 year	det
10	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 increases	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 life	case
12	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 year	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	increase	present	the number of spots				year	by one	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs/e3/