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Test 11 · Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs…

A goliath frog pushes stones around at the edge of a river. Why, according to a 2019 study?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: goliath frog · What happens: push around, accord · To what, where: stones, edge

This is test 11 of lesson 308 «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A goliath frog pushes stones around at the edge of a river.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 frog	det
2	goliath	goliath	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frog	compound
3	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pushes	nsubj
4	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pushes	obj
6	around	around	ADV	_	4 pushes	advmod
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 edge	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 edge	det
9	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pushes	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 river	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 river	det
12	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 edge	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 pushes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push around	present	a goliath frog	stones		the edge of a river		around property	vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent stone=Theme at edge=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why, according to a 2019 study?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 study	punct
3	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 study	case
4	to	to	ADP	_	3 according	fixed
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 study	det
6	2019	2019	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 study	nummod
7	study	study	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Why	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

To find hidden worms under the stones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 find	mark
2	find	find	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hidden	hidden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 worms	amod
4	worms	worm	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 find	obj
5	under	under	ADP	_	7 stones	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 stones	det
7	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 find	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	to-infinitive		hidden worms		the stones			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent worm=Topic

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

To build a small pool for its eggs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 build	mark
2	build	build	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 pool	det
4	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 pool	amod
5	pool	pool	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 build	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 eggs	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 eggs	nmod:poss
8	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 build	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	to-infinitive		a small pool				for pool's eggs	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent pool=Product for egg=Asset

Option 3

To sharpen its teeth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 sharpen	mark
2	sharpen	sharpen	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 teeth	nmod:poss
4	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sharpen	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sharpen	to-infinitive		its teeth					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient

Option 4

To play a game with other frogs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 play	mark
2	play	play	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 game	det
4	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 play	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 frogs	case
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 frogs	amod
7	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 play	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	play	to-infinitive		a game				with other frogs	vn play-114.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent game=Theme with frog=Co-Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog/t11/