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Test 6 · Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs…

In cartoons a frog sits on a lily pad in any dirty pond and smiles. What would really happen in polluted water?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: frog · What happens: sit, smile, happen, pollute · To what, where: cartoons, polluted water

This is test 6 of lesson 308 «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In cartoons a frog sits on a lily pad in any dirty pond and smiles.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 cartoons	case
2	cartoons	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sits	obl
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 frog	det
4	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sits	nsubj
5	sits	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	on	on	ADP	_	9 pad	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 pad	det
8	lily	lily	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 pad	compound
9	pad	pad	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sits	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 pond	case
11	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	13 pond	det
12	dirty	dirty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 pond	amod
13	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sits	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 smiles	cc
15	smiles	smile	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sits	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 sits	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit	present	a frog			cartoons		on a lily pad; in any dirty pond	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cartoon=Location
2	smile	present	a frog not said here						vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would really happen in polluted water?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 happen	aux
3	really	really	ADV	_	4 happen	advmod
4	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 water	case
6	polluted	pollute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 water	amod
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 happen	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would				polluted water			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in water=Location
2	pollute	participle							tree rules

The options

Option 1

The frog would turn into a fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 frog	det
2	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 turn	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 turn	aux
4	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	into	into	ADP	_	7 fish	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 fish	det
7	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 turn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	would	the frog					into a fish result	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into fish=Result

Option 2

Nothing, because frogs only take in water through their mouths and spit dirt out

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 take	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	6 take	mark
4	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 take	nsubj
5	only	only	ADV	_	6 take	advmod
6	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Nothing	parataxis
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 water	compound:prt
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 take	obj
9	through	through	ADP	_	11 mouths	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 mouths	nmod:poss
11	mouths	mouth	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 take	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 spit	cc
13	spit	spit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 take	conj
14	dirt	dirt	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 spit	obj
15	out	out	ADP	_	13 spit	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take in	present	frogs	in water		frogs's mouths			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
2	spit out	present	frogs not said here	dirt					vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent dirt=Theme

Option 3

The frog would get bigger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 frog	det
2	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 get	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 get	aux
4	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 get	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	would	the frog					big property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The frog could be hurt quickly, because water soaks in through its skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 frog	det
2	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hurt	nsubj:pass
3	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 hurt	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 hurt	aux:pass
5	hurt	hurt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	5 hurt	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 soaks	punct
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 soaks	mark
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 soaks	nsubj
10	soaks	soak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hurt	conj
11	in	in	ADP	_	10 soaks	compound:prt
12	through	through	ADP	_	14 skin	case
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 skin	nmod:poss
14	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 soaks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hurt	could · passive		the frog				quickly property	vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	soak in	present	water			water's skin			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog/t6/