Exam question 2 · Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad…
Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the transmission of warts.
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, transmit · To what, where: response, transmission, warts
This is exam question 2 of lesson 309 «Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Select | select | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 response | det |
| 3 | response | response | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Select | obj |
| 4 | consistent | consistent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Select | xcomp |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 facts | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 facts | det |
| 7 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 facts | amod |
| 8 | facts | fact | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 consistent | obl |
| 9 | concerning | concern | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 facts | acl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 transmission | det |
| 11 | transmission | transmission | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 concerning | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 warts | case |
| 13 | warts | wart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 transmission | nmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Select | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | select | imperative | you not said here | the response | consistent property | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme | |||
| 2 | establish | participle | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot | ||||||
| 3 | concern | gerund | the established facts not said here | the transmission of warts | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus transmission=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | transmit | warts | nom transmission «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
Warts in humans are transmitted exclusively by contact with toads
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Warts | wart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 transmitted | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 humans | case |
| 3 | humans | human | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Warts | nmod |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 transmitted | aux:pass |
| 5 | transmitted | transmit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | exclusively | exclusively | ADV | _ | 5 transmitted | advmod |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 contact | case |
| 8 | contact | contact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 transmitted | obl |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 toads | case |
| 10 | toads | toad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 contact | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | transmit | present · passive | contact with toads | Warts in humans | exclusively property | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
Warts in humans are caused by contact with frogspawn
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Warts | wart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 caused | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 humans | case |
| 3 | humans | human | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Warts | nmod |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 caused | aux:pass |
| 5 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 contact | case |
| 7 | contact | contact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 caused | obl |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 frogspawn | case |
| 9 | frogspawn | frogspawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 contact | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | present · passive | contact with frogspawn | Warts in humans | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |
Option 3
Warts in humans are caused by the poison glands of frogs
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Warts | wart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 caused | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 humans | case |
| 3 | humans | human | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Warts | nmod |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 caused | aux:pass |
| 5 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 glands | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 glands | det |
| 8 | poison | poison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 glands | compound |
| 9 | glands | gland | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 caused | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 frogs | case |
| 11 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 glands | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | present · passive | the poison glands of frogs | Warts in humans | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Warts in humans are caused by a virus and are not transmitted by toads
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Warts | wart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 caused | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 humans | case |
| 3 | humans | human | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Warts | nmod |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 caused | aux:pass |
| 5 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 virus | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 virus | det |
| 8 | virus | virus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 caused | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 transmitted | cc |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 transmitted | aux:pass |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 transmitted | advmod |
| 12 | transmitted | transmit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 caused | conj |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 toads | case |
| 14 | toads | toad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 transmitted | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | present · passive | a virus | Warts in humans | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | not transmit | present · passive | toads | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/e2/