Test 5 · Turtles and tortoises

Why does a leatherback have to eat so many jellyfish?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: leatherback · What happens: have, eat · To what, where: many jellyfish

This is test 5 of lesson 31 «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 have	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 have	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 leatherback	det
4	leatherback	leatherback	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 have	nsubj
5	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 eat	mark
7	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 have	xcomp
8	so	so	ADV	_	9 many	advmod
9	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 jellyfish	amod
10	jellyfish	jellyfish	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 eat	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present · do-support	a leatherback						tree rules
2	eat	to-infinitive	a leatherback not said here	many jellyfish					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jellyfish=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It only eats once a year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 eats	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 eats	advmod
3	eats	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 eats	advmod
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 year	det
6	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 once	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	It					once property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Jellyfish are poisonous, so it eats them to clean the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jellyfish	jellyfish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 poisonous	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 poisonous	cop
3	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 eats	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	7 eats	advmod
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 eats	nsubj
7	eats	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 poisonous	conj
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 eats	obj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 clean	mark
10	clean	clean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 eats	advcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 sea	det
12	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 clean	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Jellyfish		poisonous property	tree rules
2	eat	present	it	Jellyfish		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
3	clean	to-infinitive		the sea		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sea=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Jellyfish are mostly water, so they give little food each

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jellyfish	jellyfish	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 water	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 water	cop
3	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	4 water	advmod
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 give	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	8 give	advmod
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 give	nsubj
8	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 water	acl:relcl
9	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 food	amod
10	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 give	obj
11	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	8 give	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Jellyfish	water				mostly property	tree rules
2	give	present	Jellyfish	little food					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent food=Recipient each=Theme

Option 4

It has no stomach, so food passes through fast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 stomach	det
4	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 passes	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	8 passes	advmod
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 passes	nsubj
8	passes	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 has	parataxis
9	through	through	ADV	_	8 passes	advmod
10	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 passes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	no stomach					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stomach=Patient
2	pass through	present	food					fast, through property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/t5/