Exam question 3 · Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the head of the hammerhead shark.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, head

This is exam question 3 of lesson 310 «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 head	det
11	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 shark	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 shark	det
14	hammerhead	hammerhead	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 shark	compound
15	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 head	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the head of the hammerhead shark		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus head=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Its width enables the shark to remain afloat without swimming, in the manner of a raft or a plank

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 width	nmod:poss
2	width	width	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 enables	nsubj
3	enables	enable	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 shark	det
5	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 enables	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 remain	mark
7	remain	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 shark	acl
8	afloat	afloat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 remain	xcomp
9	without	without	SCONJ	_	10 swimming	mark
10	swimming	swim	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 afloat	advcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 manner	punct
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 manner	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 manner	det
14	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 enables	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 raft	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 raft	det
17	raft	raft	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 manner	nmod
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 plank	cc
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 plank	det
20	plank	plank	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 raft	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	enable	present	Its width	the shark	the manner of a raft or a plank		tree rules
2	remain	to-infinitive	Its width not said here	the shark not said here		afloat property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	swim	gerund	Its width not said here				vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Its width is a defect that impedes hunting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 width	nmod:poss
2	width	width	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 defect	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 defect	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 defect	det
5	defect	defect	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 impedes	nsubj
7	impedes	impede	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 defect	acl:relcl
8	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 impedes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Its width	a defect					tree rules
2	impede	present	a defect	hunting					vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer hunting=Eventuality

Option 3

Its width serves solely to break the shells of molluscs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 width	nmod:poss
2	width	width	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 serves	nsubj
3	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 serves	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 break	mark
6	break	break	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 serves	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 shells	det
8	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 break	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 molluscs	case
10	molluscs	mollusc	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 shells	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	serve	present	Its width					solely property	vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent
2	break	to-infinitive	Its width not said here	the shells of molluscs					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shell=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Its width separates the eyes and electrical sensors, assisting the detection of concealed prey

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 width	nmod:poss
2	width	width	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 separates	nsubj
3	separates	separate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 eyes	det
5	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 separates	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 sensors	cc
7	electrical	electrical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 sensors	amod
8	sensors	sensor	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 eyes	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 assisting	punct
10	assisting	assist	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 separates	advcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 detection	det
12	detection	detection	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 assisting	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 prey	case
14	concealed	conceal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 prey	amod
15	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 detection	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	separate	present	Its width	the eyes and electrical sensors	vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient
2	assist	gerund	Its width not said here	the detection of concealed prey	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent detection=Beneficiary
3	conceal	participle			vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	detect			concealed prey	nom detection «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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