Test 11 · ★ · Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbego…

Why might a little shark that glows on its belly be harder to spot from below?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: little shark · What happens: glow, be, spot · To what, where: belly

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 311 «Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbegongs, cookiecutters and goblin sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	12 harder	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 harder	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 shark	det
4	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 shark	amod
5	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 harder	nsubj
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 glows	nsubj
7	glows	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 shark	acl:relcl
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 belly	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 belly	nmod:poss
10	belly	belly	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 glows	obl
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 harder	cop
12	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
13	to	to	PART	_	14 spot	mark
14	spot	spot	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 harder	xcomp
15	from	from	ADP	_	16 below	case
16	below	below	ADV	_	14 spot	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	12 harder	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	glow	present	a little shark	shark's belly		vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on belly=Location
2	is	might	a little shark		hard property	tree rules
3	spot	to-infinitive	a little shark not said here			vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Its glow matches the light coming down from the surface

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 glow	nmod:poss
2	glow	glow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 matches	nsubj
3	matches	match	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 light	det
5	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 matches	obj
6	coming	come	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 light	acl
7	down	down	ADV	_	6 coming	advmod
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 surface	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 surface	det
10	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 coming	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	match	present	Its glow	the light			vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient
2	come down	gerund	the light not said here		the surface	down property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from surface=Initial_Location
3	glow		Its = it				nom glow «state intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

Light from below is always dark

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 dark	nsubj
2	from	from	ADP	_	3 below	case
3	below	below	ADV	_	1 Light	nmod
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 dark	cop
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 dark	advmod
6	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Light					always, dark property	tree rules

Option 3

Glowing makes animals see-through

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Glowing	glow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 makes	obj
4	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 makes	xcomp
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 through	punct
6	through	thorough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 see	compound

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	glow	gerund			vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	make	present		animals	tree rules
3	see	infinitive	animals not said here		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

The glow blinds every hunter for ever, so none can see it again

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 glow	det
2	glow	glow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blinds	nsubj
3	blinds	blind	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	5 hunter	det
5	hunter	hunter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blinds	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 ever	case
7	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	3 blinds	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 see	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	12 see	advmod
10	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	12 see	nsubj
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 see	aux
12	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 blinds	parataxis
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 see	obj
14	again	again	ADV	_	12 see	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blind	present	the glow	every hunter					tree rules
2	see	can	none	hunter			again		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks/t11/