Exam question 2 · Whales by kind, the baleen whales: blue, fin, humpback, gr…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the feeding method of the humpback whale.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, feeding method

This is exam question 2 of lesson 312 «Whales by kind, the baleen whales: blue, fin, humpback, grey, right and minke» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 method	det
11	feeding	feeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 method	compound
12	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	16 whale	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 whale	det
15	humpback	humpback	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 whale	compound
16	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 method	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the feeding method of the humpback whale		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus method=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Individuals feed exclusively upon seaweed attached to rocks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Individuals	individual	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 feed	nsubj
2	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 feed	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 seaweed	case
5	seaweed	seaweed	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 feed	obl
6	attached	attach	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 seaweed	acl
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 rocks	case
8	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 attached	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	feed	present	Individuals					upon seaweed; exclusively property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent
2	attach	participle		seaweed not said here				to rocks	vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to rock=Co-Patient

Option 2

Individuals capture seals upon the sea ice by stealth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Individuals	individual	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 capture	nsubj
2	capture	capture	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 capture	obj
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 ice	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ice	det
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ice	compound
7	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 capture	obl
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 stealth	case
9	stealth	stealth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 capture	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	capture	present	Individuals	seals				upon the sea ice; by stealth	vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seal=Theme

Option 3

Individuals pursue prey into rivers far inland

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Individuals	individual	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pursue	nsubj
2	pursue	pursue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pursue	obj
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 rivers	case
5	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pursue	obl
6	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 inland	advmod
7	inland	inland	ADV	_	2 pursue	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pursue	present	Individuals	prey		rivers		inland property	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent prey=Theme into river=Trajectory

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Individuals may encircle a shoal with a spiral of bubbles and ascend through its centre

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Individuals	individual	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 encircle	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 encircle	aux
3	encircle	encircle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 shoal	det
5	shoal	shoal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 encircle	obj
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 spiral	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 spiral	det
8	spiral	spiral	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 encircle	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 bubbles	case
10	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 spiral	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 ascend	cc
12	ascend	ascend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 encircle	conj
13	through	through	ADP	_	15 centre	case
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 centre	nmod:poss
15	centre	centre	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 ascend	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	encircle	may	Individuals	a shoal				with a spiral of bubbles	vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent shoal=Destination with spiral=Theme
2	ascend	present	Individuals not said here			spiral's centre			vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through centre=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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