Exam question 3 · Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, bel…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the beluga?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: beluga

This is exam question 3 of lesson 313 «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 beluga	det
10	beluga	beluga	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the beluga				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

An Arctic whale whose unfused cervical vertebrae permit the head to turn

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 whale	det
2	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 whale	amod
3	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 permit	nsubj
4	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	7 vertebrae	nmod:poss
5	unfused	unfused	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 vertebrae	amod
6	cervical	cervical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 vertebrae	amod
7	vertebrae	vertebra	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 permit	nsubj
8	permit	permit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 head	det
10	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 permit	obj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 turn	mark
12	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 permit	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	permit	present	a Arctic whale	the head					vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme
2	turn	to-infinitive	a Arctic whale not said here						vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

A tropical whale whose neck is wholly absent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 whale	det
2	tropical	tropical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 whale	amod
3	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 absent	nsubj
4	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	5 neck	nmod:poss
5	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 whale	appos
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 absent	cop
7	wholly	wholly	ADV	_	8 absent	advmod
8	absent	absent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a tropical whale					absent, wholly property	tree rules

Option 3

A deep-sea fish whose forehead emits light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fish	det
2	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 sea	amod
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 deep	punct
4	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fish	compound
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 emits	nsubj
6	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	7 forehead	nmod:poss
7	forehead	forehead	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 emits	nsubj
8	emits	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 emits	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	present	a sea fish	light					vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme

Option 4

A whale of the Antarctic which lacks a blowhole and respires through the skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 whale	det
2	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lacks	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 Antarctic	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Antarctic	det
5	Antarctic	Antarctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 whale	nmod
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 Antarctic	nmod
7	lacks	lack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 blowhole	det
9	blowhole	blowhole	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lacks	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 respires	cc
11	respires	respire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 lacks	conj
12	through	through	ADP	_	14 skin	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 skin	det
14	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 respires	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lack	present	a whale of the Antarctic a whale of the Antarctic a whale	a blowhole					tree rules
2	respire	present	a whale of the Antarctic a whale of the Antarctic a whale not said here			the skin			tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/e3/