Exam question 2 · Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, bel…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the orca.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, orca

This is exam question 2 of lesson 313 «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 orca	det
11	orca	orca	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the orca		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus orca=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is a species of shark which feeds exclusively upon persons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 species	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 species	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 species	det
4	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 shark	case
6	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 species	nmod
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 feeds	nsubj
8	feeds	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 species	acl:relcl
9	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	8 feeds	advmod
10	upon	upon	ADP	_	11 persons	case
11	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 feeds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a species				of shark	tree rules
2	feed	present	a species					upon persons; exclusively property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It is a baleen whale which feeds solely upon krill

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 whale	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 whale	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 whale	det
4	baleen	baleen	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 whale	compound
5	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 feeds	nsubj
7	feeds	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 whale	acl:relcl
8	solely	solely	ADV	_	7 feeds	advmod
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 krill	case
10	krill	krill	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 feeds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a baleen whale					tree rules
2	feed	present	a baleen whale					upon krill; solely property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It is a seal which hunts beneath the Arctic ice and breathes through holes it keeps open

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 seal	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 seal	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 seal	det
4	seal	seal	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 keeps	nsubj
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 hunts	nsubj
6	hunts	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 seal	acl:relcl
7	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	10 ice	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 ice	det
9	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 ice	amod
10	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hunts	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 breathes	cc
12	breathes	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 hunts	conj
13	through	through	ADP	_	14 holes	case
14	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 breathes	obl
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 holes	nmod
16	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
17	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 keeps	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a seal			tree rules
2	hunt	present	a seal		the Arctic ice		vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath ice=Location
3	breathe	present	a seal not said here		holes seal		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	keep	present	a seal			open property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is the largest member of the dolphin family and its populations differ in diet

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 member	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 member	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 member	det
4	largest	large	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 member	amod
5	member	member	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 family	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 family	det
8	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 family	compound
9	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 member	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 differ	cc
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 populations	nmod:poss
12	populations	population	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 differ	nsubj
13	differ	differ	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 member	conj
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 diet	case
15	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 differ	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the largest member				of the dolphin family	tree rules
2	differ	present	family's populations			diet			vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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