Exam question 1 · Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, bel…

Identify the principal prey of the sperm whale and the depth at which it is pursued.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, pursue · To what, where: principal prey, prey, depth

This is exam question 1 of lesson 313 «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 prey	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 prey	amod
4	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 whale	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 whale	det
7	sperm	sperm	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 whale	compound
8	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 prey	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 depth	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 depth	det
11	depth	depth	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 whale	conj
12	at	at	ADP	_	13 which	case
13	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 pursued	obl
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 pursued	nsubj:pass
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 pursued	aux:pass
16	pursued	pursue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 depth	acl:relcl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal prey of the sperm whale and the depth					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent prey=Theme
2	pursue	present · passive		prey		the depth			vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme at which=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Krill, filtered at depths of a few metres

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Krill	krill	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 filtered	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Krill	punct
3	filtered	filter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 depths	case
5	depths	depth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 filtered	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 metres	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 metres	det
8	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 metres	amod
9	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 depths	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	filter	participle				depths of a few metres			vn wipe_instr-10.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Squid, pursued at depths in excess of two kilometres

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 pursued	punct
3	pursued	pursue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Squid	acl
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 depths	case
5	depths	depth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pursued	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 excess	case
7	excess	excess	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pursued	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 kilometres	case
9	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 kilometres	nummod
10	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 excess	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pursue	participle		Squid not said here		depths		in excess of two kilometres	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent at depth=Trajectory

Option 3

Seaweed, gathered from the shallows

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Seaweed	seaweed	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gathered	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Seaweed	punct
3	gathered	gather	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 shallows	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 shallows	det
6	shallows	shallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 gathered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gather	participle				the shallows			vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from shallow=Source

Option 4

Seals, captured upon the surface of the Arctic ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 captured	nsubj:pass
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 captured	punct
3	captured	capture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 surface	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 surface	det
6	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 captured	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 ice	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 ice	det
9	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 ice	amod
10	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 surface	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	capture	participle · passive		Seals				upon the surface of the Arctic ice	vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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