Test 9 · ★ · Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, bel…

Why would a whale that hunts in the black deep need very loud clicks?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: whale · What happens: hunt, need · To what, where: black deep, loud clicks

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 313 «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	11 need	advmod
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 need	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 whale	det
4	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 need	nsubj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 hunts	nsubj
6	hunts	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 whale	acl:relcl
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 deep	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 deep	det
9	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 deep	amod
10	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hunts	obl
11	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	very	very	ADV	_	13 loud	advmod
13	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 clicks	amod
14	clicks	click	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 need	obj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	11 need	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	a whale			the black deep			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in deep=Location
2	need	would	a whale	loud clicks					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot click=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

To keep itself warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 keep	mark
2	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 keep	obj
4	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 keep	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	to-infinitive		itself = it				warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

To find prey by echoes where there is no light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 find	mark
2	find	find	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 find	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 echoes	case
5	echoes	echo	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 find	obl
6	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	8 is	advmod
7	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	8 is	expl
8	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 echoes	acl:relcl
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 light	det
10	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 is	nsubj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	to-infinitive		prey				by echoes	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Topic
2	be	present	no light			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

To call sea birds down to help it hunt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 call	mark
2	call	call	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 birds	compound
4	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 call	obj
5	down	down	ADV	_	2 call	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 help	mark
7	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 call	advcl
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 help	obj
9	hunt	hunt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 help	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	call down speech: assert	to-infinitive		sea birds	down property	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bird=Recipient
2	help	to-infinitive	it			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme
3	hunt	infinitive				vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

To scare away the light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 scare	mark
2	scare	scare	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	away	away	ADP	_	2 scare	compound:prt
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 light	det
5	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 scare	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	scare away	to-infinitive		the light					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus light=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/t9/