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Test 10 · ★ · Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, bel…

In a cartoon a whale bends its neck to look behind it like a person. Which real whale comes closest?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: whale, real whale · What happens: bend, look, come · To what, where: neck, cartoon

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 313 «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a whale bends its neck to look behind it like a person.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bends	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 whale	det
5	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bends	nsubj
6	bends	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 neck	nmod:poss
8	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bends	obj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 look	mark
10	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 bends	advcl
11	behind	behind	ADP	_	12 it	case
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 look	obl
13	like	like	ADP	_	15 person	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 person	det
15	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 look	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 bends	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bend	present	a whale	whale's neck		a cartoon			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent neck=Theme in cartoon=Location
2	look	to-infinitive	a whale not said here					behind whale; like a person	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent behind it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which real whale comes closest?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 comes	obj
2	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 whale	amod
3	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 comes	nsubj
4	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	closest	close	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 comes	parataxis
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 comes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	real whale						vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location which=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The sperm whale, which has a long neck

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 whale	det
2	sperm	sperm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 whale	compound
3	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 has	punct
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 has	nsubj
6	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 neck	det
8	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 neck	amod
9	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the sperm whale	a long neck					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neck=Patient

Option 2

No whale; all whales have no neck bones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 whale	det
2	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 have	punct
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 whales	det
5	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 have	nsubj
6	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 whale	acl
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	9 bones	det
8	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bones	compound
9	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	all whales	no neck bones					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient

Option 3

The blue whale, which can turn its head right round

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 whale	det
2	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 whale	amod
3	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 turn	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 turn	punct
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 turn	nsubj
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 turn	aux
7	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 head	nmod:poss
9	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 turn	obj
10	right	right	ADV	_	11 round	advmod
11	round	round	ADV	_	7 turn	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	can	the blue whale	whale's head				round property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent head=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The beluga, whose neck bones are not joined

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 beluga	det
2	beluga	beluga	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 joined	nsubj:pass
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 bones	punct
4	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	6 bones	nmod:poss
5	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bones	compound
6	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 beluga	conj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 joined	aux:pass
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 joined	advmod
9	joined	join	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not join	present · passive		the beluga and the beluga and the beluga's neck bones's neck bones					vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/t10/