Exam question 1 · Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumbleb…

Identify the structure that supports the membrane of a bat's wing.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, structure · What happens: identify, support · To what, where: structure, membrane

This is exam question 1 of lesson 314 «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 structure	det
3	structure	structure	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 supports	nsubj
5	supports	support	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 structure	acl:relcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 membrane	det
7	membrane	membrane	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 supports	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	12 wing	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bat	det
10	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 wing	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 bat	case
12	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 membrane	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the structure					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent structure=Theme
2	support	present	the structure	the membrane of a bat's wing					vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer membrane=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Cartilaginous rods unconnected with the hand

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cartilaginous	Cartilaginous	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 rods	nsubj
2	rods	rod	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	unconnected	unconnected	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 rods	xcomp
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 hand	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 hand	det
6	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rods	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rod	present	Cartilaginous					with the hand; unconnected property	tree rules

Option 2

A series of feathers anchored in the skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 series	det
2	series	series	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 feathers	case
4	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 series	nmod
5	anchored	anchor	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 feathers	acl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 skin	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 skin	det
8	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 anchored	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	anchor	participle		feathers not said here		the skin			vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 3

A single elongated bone extending from the shoulder

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 bone	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 bone	amod
3	elongated	elongate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 bone	amod
4	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	extending	extend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 bone	acl
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 shoulder	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 shoulder	det
8	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 extending	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	elongate	participle							tree rules
2	extend	gerund	a single elongated bone not said here			the shoulder			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Four elongated digits of the forelimb, with the thumb remaining short and clawed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 digits	nummod
2	elongated	elongate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 digits	amod
3	digits	digit	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 forelimb	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 forelimb	det
6	forelimb	forelimb	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 digits	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 thumb	punct
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 thumb	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 thumb	det
10	thumb	thumb	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 digits	conj
11	remaining	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 thumb	acl
12	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 remaining	xcomp
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 clawed	cc
14	clawed	claw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 short	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	elongate	participle			tree rules
2	remain	gerund	the thumb not said here	short property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	claw	participle	the thumb not said here		vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/e1/