Exam question 2 · Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the protection of roosting bats in Britain.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, roost, protect · To what, where: response, protection, roosting bats

This is exam question 2 of lesson 315 «Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 protection	det
11	protection	protection	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 bats	case
13	roosting	roost	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 bats	amod
14	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 protection	nmod
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 Britain	case
16	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 bats	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the protection of roosting bats in Britain		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus protection=Experiencer
4	roost	gerund				vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	protect			roosting bats in Britain		nom protection «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is lawful for any person to open a bat box at any time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 lawful	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lawful	cop
3	lawful	lawful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 person	case
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 person	det
6	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lawful	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 open	mark
8	open	open	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 lawful	advcl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 box	det
10	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 box	compound
11	box	box	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 open	obj
12	at	at	ADP	_	14 time	case
13	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	14 time	det
14	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 open	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					for any person; lawful property	tree rules
2	open	to-infinitive		a bat box			time		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location box=Theme

Option 2

The law protects bats only within national parks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 law	det
2	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 protects	nsubj
3	protects	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 protects	obj
5	only	only	ADV	_	3 protects	advmod
6	within	within	ADP	_	8 parks	case
7	national	national	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 parks	amod
8	parks	park	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 protects	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	present	the law	bats				within national parks	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bat=Beneficiary

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Bats are protected solely during the winter months

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 protected	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 protected	aux:pass
3	protected	protect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 protected	advmod
5	during	during	ADP	_	8 months	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 months	det
7	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 months	compound
8	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 protected	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	present · passive		Bats			month	solely property	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is unlawful to disturb roosting bats or to inspect a bat box without a licence

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 unlawful	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 unlawful	cop
3	unlawful	unlawful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 disturb	mark
5	disturb	disturb	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 unlawful	xcomp
6	roosting	roost	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 bats	amod
7	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 disturb	obj
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 inspect	cc
9	to	to	PART	_	10 inspect	mark
10	inspect	inspect	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 disturb	conj
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 box	det
12	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 box	compound
13	box	box	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 inspect	obj
14	without	without	ADP	_	16 licence	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 licence	det
16	licence	licence	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 inspect	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		unlawful property	tree rules
2	disturb	to-infinitive		roosting bats		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bat=Experiencer
3	roost	gerund				vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	inspect	to-infinitive		a bat box	without a licence	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent box=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up/e2/