Exam question 1 · Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why…

Identify the means by which the common and soprano pipistrelles were first distinguished as separate species.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, the, soprano pipistrelles · What happens: identify, mean, be

This is exam question 1 of lesson 315 «Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	ccomp
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 common	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 common	det
7	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 means	ccomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 distinguished	cc
9	soprano	soprano	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pipistrelles	compound
10	pipistrelles	pipistrelle	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 distinguished	nsubj
11	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 distinguished	cop
12	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	13 distinguished	advmod
13	distinguished	distinguished	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 common	conj
14	as	as	ADP	_	16 species	case
15	separate	separate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 species	amod
16	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 distinguished	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	mean	present	the		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	is	past	soprano pipistrelles	as separate species; distinguished, first property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

By a difference in the season of their flight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 difference	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 difference	det
3	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 season	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 season	det
6	season	season	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 difference	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 flight	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 flight	nmod:poss
9	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 season	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

By a difference in the colour of their wings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 difference	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 difference	det
3	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 colour	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 colour	det
6	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 difference	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 wings	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 wings	nmod:poss
9	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 colour	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

By a difference in the pitch of their echolocation calls

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 difference	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 difference	det
3	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 pitch	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 pitch	det
6	pitch	pitch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 difference	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 calls	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 calls	nmod:poss
9	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 calls	compound
10	calls	call	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 pitch	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call		their = they						nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

By a difference in the number of their digits

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 difference	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 difference	det
3	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 number	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 number	det
6	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 difference	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 digits	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 digits	nmod:poss
9	digits	digit	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 number	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up/e1/