Exam question 3 · Bears by kind: the eight bears of the world

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the American black bear?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: American black bear

This is exam question 3 of lesson 319 «Bears by kind: the eight bears of the world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 bear	det
10	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 bear	amod
11	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 bear	amod
12	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the American black bear				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is a species of the Andes which is the sole bear in South America

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 species	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 species	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 species	det
4	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 Andes	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Andes	det
7	Andes	Ande	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 species	nmod
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 bear	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 bear	cop
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 bear	det
11	sole	sole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 bear	amod
12	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 species	parataxis
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 America	case
14	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 America	compound
15	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 bear	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a species				of the Andes	tree rules
2	is a	present	a species	the sole bear		South America			tree rules

Option 2

It is the largest bear and dwells upon sea ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 bear	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 bear	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bear	det
4	largest	large	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 bear	amod
5	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 dwells	cc
7	dwells	dwell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 bear	conj
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 ice	case
9	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 ice	compound
10	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 dwells	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the largest bear					tree rules
2	dwell	present				sea ice			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon ice=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It is invariably black in colour and is confined to the Arctic coasts and the sea ice

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 black	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 black	cop
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	4 black	advmod
4	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 colour	case
6	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 black	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 confined	cc
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 confined	aux:pass
9	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 black	conj
10	to	to	ADP	_	13 coasts	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 coasts	det
12	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 coasts	compound
13	coasts	coast	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 confined	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 ice	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 ice	det
16	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 ice	compound
17	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 coasts	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			colour		black, invariably property	tree rules
2	confine	present · passive				the Arctic coasts and the sea ice			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: to coast=Destination

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is the most numerous bear and its coat may be black, brown, cinnamon or white

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 bear	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 bear	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bear	det
4	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 numerous	advmod
5	numerous	numerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 bear	amod
6	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 black	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 coat	cc
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 coat	nmod:poss
9	coat	coat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bear	conj
10	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 black	aux
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 black	cop
12	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 brown	punct
14	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 black	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 cinnamon	punct
16	cinnamon	cinnamon	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 black	conj
17	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 white	cc
18	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 black	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the numerous bear and its coat		tree rules
2	is	may			black property	tree rules
3	be					tree rules
4	be					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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