Exam question 4 · Bears by kind: the eight bears of the world

Ascertain the reason for which hybrids of the grizzly and the polar bear have been recorded in the Canadian Arctic.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, record · To what, where: reason, hybrids, Canadian Arctic

This is exam question 4 of lesson 319 «Bears by kind: the eight bears of the world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	6 hybrids	det
6	hybrids	hybrid	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 recorded	nsubj:pass
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 grizzly	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 grizzly	det
9	grizzly	grizzly	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hybrids	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 bear	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 bear	det
12	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 bear	amod
13	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 grizzly	conj
14	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 recorded	aux
15	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	16 recorded	aux:pass
16	recorded	record	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reason	acl:relcl
17	in	in	ADP	_	20 Arctic	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 Arctic	det
19	Canadian	Canadian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 Arctic	amod
20	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 recorded	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	record	present · perfect · passive		which hybrids of the grizzly and the polar bear		the Canadian Arctic			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in arctic=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The two species have always shared identical habitats

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 species	det
2	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 species	nummod
3	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 shared	nsubj:pass
4	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 shared	aux
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 shared	advmod
6	shared	share	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 habitats	amod
8	habitats	habitat	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 shared	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	share	present · perfect · passive		the two species				always property	tree rules

Option 2

Both species have been released together by zoological gardens

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 released	nsubj:pass
3	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 released	aux
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 released	aux:pass
5	released	release	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	together	together	ADV	_	5 released	advmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 gardens	case
8	zoological	zoological	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 gardens	amod
9	gardens	garden	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 released	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	release	present · perfect · passive	zoological gardens	both species				together property	vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer subject=Source

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Grizzlies have extended their range northward as the Arctic has warmed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grizzlies	grizzly	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 extended	nsubj:pass
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 extended	aux
3	extended	extend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 range	nmod:poss
5	range	range	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 extended	obj
6	northward	northward	ADV	_	3 extended	advmod
7	as	as	SCONJ	_	11 warmed	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Arctic	det
9	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 warmed	nsubj
10	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 warmed	aux
11	warmed	warm	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 extended	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	extend	present · perfect · passive		Grizzlies				northward property	vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Recipient range=Theme
2	warm	present · perfect	the Arctic						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

Polar bears have migrated to southern forests in search of bamboo

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bears	amod
2	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 migrated	nsubj:pass
3	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 migrated	aux
4	migrated	migrate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 forests	case
6	southern	southern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 forests	amod
7	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 migrated	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 search	case
9	search	search	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 forests	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 bamboo	case
11	bamboo	bamboo	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 search	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	migrate	present · perfect · passive		Polar bears				to southern forests in search of bamboo	tree rules
2	search			bamboo					nom search «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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