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Exam question 4 · Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders

It is asserted that contact with a toad occasions warts. Select the response consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: contact, you · What happens: assert, occasion, select, establish · To what, where: It, warts, response

This is exam question 4 of lesson 32 «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is asserted that contact with a toad occasions warts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 asserted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 asserted	aux:pass
3	asserted	assert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 contact	det
5	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 occasions	nsubj
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 toad	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 toad	det
8	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 contact	nmod
9	occasions	occasion	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 asserted	parataxis
10	warts	wart	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 occasions	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 asserted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	assert	present · passive		It					vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	occasion	present	that contact with a toad	warts					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the response consistent with the established facts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1

The assertion is true only of the common toad and not of the frog

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	9 toad	advmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 toad	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 toad	det
8	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 toad	amod
9	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	parataxis
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 frog	cc
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 frog	advmod
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 frog	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 frog	det
14	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 toad	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					true property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The assertion is false, warts being caused by a human virus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 false	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 false	cop
4	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 caused	punct
6	warts	wart	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 caused	nsubj:pass
7	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 caused	aux:pass
8	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 false	parataxis
9	by	by	ADP	_	12 virus	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 virus	det
11	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 virus	amod
12	virus	virus	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 caused	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					false property	tree rules
2	cause	gerund · passive	a human virus	warts					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient

Option 3

The assertion is true in all cases

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 cases	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 cases	det
7	cases	case	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 true	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion			all cases		true property	tree rules

Option 4

The assertion is true for children only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 children	case
6	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 true	obl
7	only	only	ADV	_	4 true	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					for children; true property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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