Exam question 3 · Bears up close: noses, claws, dens, the honey myth and bea…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the winter dormancy of the black bear?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: winter dormancy

This is exam question 3 of lesson 320 «Bears up close: noses, claws, dens, the honey myth and bear safety» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 dormancy	det
10	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 dormancy	compound
11	dormancy	dormancy	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 bear	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 bear	det
14	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 bear	amod
15	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 dormancy	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the winter dormancy of the black bear				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Body temperature falls by only a few degrees and the animal may rouse rapidly, without eating or excreting for months

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 temperature	compound
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 falls	nsubj
3	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	8 degrees	case
5	only	only	ADV	_	8 degrees	advmod
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 degrees	det
7	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 degrees	amod
8	degrees	degree	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 falls	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 rouse	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 animal	det
11	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 rouse	nsubj
12	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 rouse	aux
13	rouse	rouse	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 falls	conj
14	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	13 rouse	advmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 eating	punct
16	without	without	SCONJ	_	17 eating	mark
17	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 rouse	advcl
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 excreting	cc
19	excreting	excrete	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 eating	conj
20	for	for	ADP	_	21 months	case
21	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 excreting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present	Body temperature		by a few degrees	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by degree=Location
2	rouse	may	the animal		rapidly property	vn stimulate-59.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	eat	gerund	the animal not said here			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	excrete	gerund	the animal not said here	month		tree rules

Option 2

The animal remains active and feeds throughout the winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 remains	nsubj
3	remains	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	active	active	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 remains	xcomp
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 feeds	cc
6	feeds	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 remains	conj
7	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	9 winter	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 winter	det
9	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 feeds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remain	present	the animal					active property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	feed	present	the animal not said here				winter		vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Body temperature falls to that of the surrounding snow, the heart ceases to beat and arousal before spring is impossible

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 temperature	compound
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 falls	nsubj
3	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 impossible	parataxis
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 that	case
5	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 falls	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 snow	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 snow	det
8	surrounding	surround	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 snow	amod
9	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 that	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 ceases	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 heart	det
12	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ceases	nsubj
13	ceases	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 falls	conj
14	to	to	PART	_	15 beat	mark
15	beat	beat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 ceases	xcomp
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 arousal	cc
17	arousal	arousal	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 beat	obj
18	before	before	ADP	_	19 spring	case
19	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 beat	obl
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 impossible	cop
21	impossible	impossible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present	Body temperature			to that	vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to that=Theme
2	surround	gerund					vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
3	cease	present	the heart				vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
4	beat	to-infinitive	the heart not said here	arousal	spring		vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location arousal=Theme
5	is	present				impossible property	tree rules

Option 4

The animal must emerge each day in order to drink

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 emerge	nsubj
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 emerge	aux
4	emerge	emerge	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	6 day	det
6	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 emerge	obj
7	in	in	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	10 drink	mark
8	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 in	fixed
9	to	to	PART	_	10 drink	mark
10	drink	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 emerge	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emerge	must	the animal				day		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	drink	to-infinitive	the animal not said here						vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/320-bears-up-close-noses-claws-dens-the-honey-myth-and-bear-safety/e3/