Exam question 4 · Bears up close: noses, claws, dens, the honey myth and bea…

Ascertain the conduct appropriate to a person who observes a bear in a national park.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, person · What happens: ascertain, observe · To what, where: conduct, bear, national park

This is exam question 4 of lesson 320 «Bears up close: noses, claws, dens, the honey myth and bear safety» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 conduct	det
3	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 conduct	amod
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 person	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 person	det
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 appropriate	obl
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 observes	nsubj
9	observes	observe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 person	acl:relcl
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 bear	det
11	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 observes	obj
12	in	in	ADP	_	15 park	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 park	det
14	national	national	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 park	amod
15	park	park	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 observes	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the conduct					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conduct=Topic
2	observe	present	a person	a bear		a national park			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent bear=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

To remain calm, keep a considerable distance, refrain from running and follow the advice of the rangers

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 remain	mark
2	remain	remain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	calm	calm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 remain	xcomp
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 keep	punct
5	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 remain	conj
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 distance	det
7	considerable	considerable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 distance	amod
8	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 keep	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 refrain	punct
10	refrain	refrain	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 distance	conj
11	from	from	SCONJ	_	12 running	mark
12	running	run	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 refrain	acl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 follow	cc
14	follow	follow	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	5 keep	conj
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 advice	det
16	advice	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 follow	obj
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 rangers	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 rangers	det
19	rangers	ranger	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 advice	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	remain	to-infinitive			calm property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	keep	infinitive		a considerable distance and refrain		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent distance=Theme
3	run	gerund	refrain not said here			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	follow	infinitive		the advice of the rangers		vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advice=Theme

Option 2

To offer the animal food so as to pacify it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 offer	mark
2	offer	offer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 pacify	advcl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 food	det
4	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 food	compound
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 offer	obj
6	so	so	ADV	_	9 pacify	advmod
7	as	as	SCONJ	_	9 pacify	mark
8	to	to	PART	_	9 pacify	mark
9	pacify	pacify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 pacify	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	offer	to-infinitive		the animal food					vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent food=Theme
2	pacify	to-infinitive		food					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus it=Experiencer

Option 3

To approach the animal in order to photograph it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 approach	mark
2	approach	approach	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 animal	det
4	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 approach	obj
5	in	in	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	8 photograph	mark
6	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 in	fixed
7	to	to	PART	_	8 photograph	mark
8	photograph	photograph	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 approach	advcl
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 photograph	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	approach	to-infinitive		the animal					vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme
2	photograph	to-infinitive		animal					vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4

To flee at the greatest possible speed and ascend the nearest tree, which no bear is able to climb

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 flee	mark
2	flee	flee	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	7 speed	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 speed	det
5	greatest	great	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 speed	amod
6	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 speed	amod
7	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 flee	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 ascend	cc
9	ascend	ascend	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 flee	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 tree	det
11	nearest	near	ADJ	Degree=Sup	12 tree	amod
12	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ascend	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 able	punct
14	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 able	nsubj
15	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	16 bear	det
16	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 able	nsubj
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 able	cop
18	able	able	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 tree	conj
19	to	to	PART	_	20 climb	mark
20	climb	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 able	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	flee	to-infinitive			the greatest possible speed		vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	ascend	infinitive		the nearest tree			vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tree=Trajectory
3	is	present	the nearest tree			able property	tree rules
4	climb	to-infinitive	the nearest tree not said here				vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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