Exam question 1 · Snakes to keep away from: cobras, mambas, vipers and rattl…

Identify the function of the hood displayed by a cobra.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, display · To what, where: function, hood

This is exam question 1 of lesson 322 «Snakes to keep away from: cobras, mambas, vipers and rattlesnakes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 function	det
3	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 hood	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 hood	det
6	hood	hood	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 function	nmod
7	displayed	display	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 hood	acl
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 cobra	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 cobra	det
10	cobra	cobra	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 displayed	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the function of the hood					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme
2	display	participle		the hood not said here				by a cobra	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It constitutes a warning that deters a potential attacker

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 warning	det
4	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 deters	nsubj
6	deters	deter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 warning	acl:relcl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 attacker	det
8	potential	potential	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 attacker	amod
9	attacker	attacker	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 deters	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a warning					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme warning=Pivot
2	deter	present	a warning	a potential attacker					vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer attacker=Eventuality

Option 2

It enables the animal to glide between trees when pursued by an enemy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 enables	nsubj
2	enables	enable	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 animal	det
4	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 enables	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 glide	mark
6	glide	glide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 enables	advcl
7	between	between	ADP	_	8 trees	case
8	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 glide	obl
9	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	10 pursued	advmod
10	pursued	pursue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 enables	advcl
11	by	by	ADP	_	13 enemy	case
12	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 enemy	det
13	enemy	enemy	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pursued	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	enable	present	It	the animal			tree rules
2	glide	to-infinitive			trees		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between tree=Trajectory
3	pursue	participle				by a enemy	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent by enemy=Trajectory

Option 3

It is employed in the incubation of eggs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 employed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 employed	aux:pass
3	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 incubation	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 incubation	det
6	incubation	incubation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 employed	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 eggs	case
8	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 incubation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	present · passive		It		the incubation of eggs			vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	incubate		eggs						nom incubation «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 4

It serves to capture flying insects

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 serves	nsubj
2	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 capture	mark
4	capture	capture	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 serves	xcomp
5	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 insects	amod
6	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 capture	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	serve	present	It		tree rules
2	capture	to-infinitive		flying insects	vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme
3	fly	gerund			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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