Exam question 1 · Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures

Identify the animal which attains the greatest velocity of any animal in a descending stoop.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, animal · What happens: identify, attain, descend · To what, where: animal, greatest velocity

This is exam question 1 of lesson 324 «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 animal	det
3	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 attains	nsubj
5	attains	attain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 animal	acl:relcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 velocity	det
7	greatest	great	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 velocity	amod
8	velocity	velocity	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 attains	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 animal	case
10	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	11 animal	det
11	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 velocity	nmod
12	in	in	ADP	_	15 stoop	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 stoop	det
14	descending	descend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 stoop	amod
15	stoop	stoop	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 animal	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the animal	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent animal=Theme
2	attain	present	the animal	the greatest velocity of any animal in a descending stoop	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent velocity=Theme
3	descend	gerund			vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The golden eagle, exceeding six hundred kilometres per hour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 eagle	det
2	golden	golden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 eagle	amod
3	eagle	eagle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 exceeding	punct
5	exceeding	exceed	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 eagle	acl
6	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 hundred	compound
7	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 kilometres	nummod
8	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 exceeding	obj
9	per	per	ADP	_	10 hour	case
10	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 kilometres	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exceed	gerund	the golden eagle not said here	hundred kilometres			per hour		vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot kilometre=Theme

Option 2

The cheetah, exceeding three hundred kilometres per hour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cheetah	det
2	cheetah	cheetah	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 exceeding	punct
4	exceeding	exceed	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 cheetah	acl
5	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 hundred	compound
6	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 kilometres	nummod
7	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 exceeding	obj
8	per	per	ADP	_	9 hour	case
9	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 kilometres	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exceed	gerund	the cheetah not said here	hundred kilometres			per hour		vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot kilometre=Theme

Option 3

The common swift, exceeding one thousand kilometres per hour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 swift	det
2	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 swift	amod
3	swift	swift	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 exceeding	punct
5	exceeding	exceed	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 swift	acl
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 thousand	compound
7	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 kilometres	nummod
8	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 exceeding	obj
9	per	per	ADP	_	10 hour	case
10	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 kilometres	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exceed	gerund	the common swift not said here	thousand kilometres			per hour		vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot kilometre=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The peregrine falcon, exceeding three hundred kilometres per hour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 falcon	det
2	peregrine	peregrine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 falcon	compound
3	falcon	falcon	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 exceeding	punct
5	exceeding	exceed	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 falcon	acl
6	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 hundred	compound
7	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 kilometres	nummod
8	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 exceeding	obj
9	per	per	ADP	_	10 hour	case
10	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 kilometres	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exceed	gerund	the peregrine falcon not said here	hundred kilometres			per hour		vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot kilometre=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/e1/