Exam question 2 · Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the kinship of falcons.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, kinship

This is exam question 2 of lesson 324 «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 kinship	det
11	kinship	kinship	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 falcons	case
13	falcons	falcon	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 kinship	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the kinship of falcons		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus kinship=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Genetic evidence indicates that falcons are more closely related to parrots and songbirds than to hawks

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Genetic	genetic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 evidence	amod
2	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 indicates	nsubj
3	indicates	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 related	mark
5	falcons	falcon	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 related	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 related	cop
7	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 closely	advmod
8	closely	closely	ADV	_	9 related	advmod
9	related	related	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 indicates	ccomp
10	to	to	ADP	_	11 parrots	case
11	parrots	parrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 related	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 songbirds	cc
13	songbirds	songbird	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 parrots	conj
14	than	than	ADP	_	16 hawks	case
15	to	to	ADP	_	16 hawks	case
16	hawks	hawk	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 related	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	present	Genetic evidence						vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot
2	is	present	falcons					to parrots and songbirds; than hawks; closely, related property	tree rules

Option 2

No relationship between falcons and other birds can be determined

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 relationship	det
2	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 determined	nsubj:pass
3	between	between	ADP	_	4 falcons	case
4	falcons	falcon	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 relationship	nmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 birds	cc
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 birds	amod
7	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 falcons	conj
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 determined	aux
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 determined	aux:pass
10	determined	determine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	can · passive		no relationship between falcons and other birds					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Option 3

Genetic evidence indicates that falcons descend from owls

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Genetic	genetic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 evidence	amod
2	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 indicates	nsubj
3	indicates	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 descend	obj
5	falcons	falcon	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 descend	nsubj
6	descend	descend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 indicates	ccomp
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 owls	case
8	owls	owl	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 descend	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	present	Genetic evidence						vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic
2	descend	present	falcons	that		owls			tree rules

Option 4

Genetic evidence indicates that falcons are the juvenile form of hawks, which they come to resemble with age

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Genetic	genetic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 evidence	amod
2	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 indicates	nsubj
3	indicates	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 form	mark
5	falcons	falcon	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 form	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 form	cop
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 form	det
8	juvenile	juvenile	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 form	compound
9	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 indicates	ccomp
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 hawks	case
11	hawks	hawk	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 form	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 come	punct
13	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 come	nsubj
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 come	nsubj
15	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 hawks	acl:relcl
16	to	to	PART	_	17 resemble	mark
17	resemble	resemble	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 come	xcomp
18	with	with	ADP	_	19 age	case
19	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 resemble	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	present	Genetic evidence				vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot
2	is a	present	falcons	the juvenile form		of hawks	tree rules
3	come	present	hawks				tree rules
4	resemble	to-infinitive	hawks not said here		with age		tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/e2/