Exam question 3 · Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the circling flight of vultures?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: circling flight

This is exam question 3 of lesson 324 «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 flight	det
10	circling	circling	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 flight	compound
11	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 vultures	case
13	vultures	vulture	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 flight	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the circling flight of vultures				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It exploits rising warm air to survey extensive areas for carrion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 exploits	nsubj
2	exploits	exploit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rising	rise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 air	amod
4	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 air	amod
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exploits	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 survey	mark
7	survey	survey	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 exploits	advcl
8	extensive	extensive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 areas	amod
9	areas	area	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 survey	obj
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 carrion	case
11	carrion	carrion	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 survey	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	exploit	present	It	rising warm air		vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
2	rise	gerund				vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	survey	to-infinitive		extensive areas	for carrion	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent area=Theme for carrion=Attribute

Option 2

It is employed to dry the plumage

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 employed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 employed	aux:pass
3	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 dry	mark
5	dry	dry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 employed	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 plumage	det
7	plumage	plumage	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dry	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	present · passive		It					vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	dry	to-infinitive		the plumage					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient plumage=Result

Option 3

It is a preparation for an attack upon living persons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 preparation	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 preparation	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 preparation	det
4	preparation	preparation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 attack	case
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 attack	det
7	attack	attack	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 preparation	nmod
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 persons	case
9	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 persons	amod
10	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 preparation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a preparation				for a attack; upon living persons	tree rules

Option 4

It is a ritual performed before rain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 ritual	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 ritual	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 ritual	det
4	ritual	ritual	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	performed	perform	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 ritual	acl
6	before	before	ADP	_	7 rain	case
7	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 performed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a ritual					tree rules
2	perform	participle		a ritual not said here			before rain		vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/e3/