Test 10 · ★★ · Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures

Why might the grass beside a vole hole glow for a kestrel but look plain to you?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: grass · What happens: look

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 324 «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	14 look	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 look	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 grass	det
4	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 look	nsubj
5	beside	beside	ADP	_	9 glow	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 glow	det
7	vole	vole	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 glow	compound
8	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 glow	compound
9	glow	glow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 grass	nmod
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 kestrel	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 kestrel	det
12	kestrel	kestrel	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 glow	nmod
13	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 look	cc
14	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
15	plain	plain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 look	xcomp
16	to	to	ADP	_	17 you	case
17	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	15 plain	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	14 look	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	might	the grass beside a vole hole glow for a kestrel					plain property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The voles paint their paths

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 voles	det
2	voles	vole	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 paint	nsubj
3	paint	paint	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 paths	nmod:poss
5	paths	path	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 paint	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	paint	present	the voles	voles's paths					vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent path=Destination

Option 2

The grass glows only at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 grass	det
2	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 glows	nsubj
3	glows	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 night	advmod
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 night	case
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 glows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	glow	present	the grass				night		vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Kestrels have eyes that glow like torches and light up the grass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kestrels	kestrel	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 glow	nsubj
5	glow	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 eyes	acl:relcl
6	like	like	ADP	_	7 torches	case
7	torches	torch	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 glow	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 light	cc
9	light	light	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 have	conj
10	up	up	ADP	_	9 light	compound:prt
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 grass	det
12	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 light	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	Kestrels	eyes		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient
2	glow	present	eyes		like torches	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	light up	present	Kestrels not said here	the grass		vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Product

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Kestrels are reported to see ultraviolet light that we cannot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kestrels	kestrel	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 reported	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reported	aux:pass
3	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 see	mark
5	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 reported	xcomp
6	ultraviolet	ultraviolet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 light	amod
7	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 see	obj
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 can	obj
9	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 can	nsubj
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 light	acl:relcl
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 can	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	report	present · passive		Kestrels					vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute
2	see	to-infinitive		ultraviolet light					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer light=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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