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Test 2 · ★★ · Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures

In a cartoon three vultures circle over a lost man in the desert, waiting. What are real vultures doing when they circle?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: three vultures, real vultures, vultures · What happens: circle, lose, wait, be, do · To what, where: cartoon, real vultures

This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 324 «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon three vultures circle over a lost man in the desert, waiting.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 circle	obl
4	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 vultures	nummod
5	vultures	vulture	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 circle	nsubj
6	circle	circle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	over	over	ADP	_	10 man	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 man	det
9	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 man	amod
10	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 circle	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 desert	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 desert	det
13	desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 man	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 waiting	punct
15	waiting	wait	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 circle	advcl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 circle	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	circle	present	three vultures			a cartoon		over a lost man in the desert	vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
2	lose	participle							vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	wait	gerund	three vultures not said here						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What are real vultures doing when they circle?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 vultures	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 vultures	cop
3	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 vultures	amod
4	vultures	vulture	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	doing	do	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 vultures	acl
6	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 circle	advmod
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 circle	nsubj
8	circle	circle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 doing	ccomp
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 vultures	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		real vultures					tree rules
2	do	gerund	real vultures not said here						tree rules
3	circle	present	vultures = vulture						vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Riding warm air and searching wide areas for animals already dead

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Riding	ride	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 dead	csubj
2	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 air	amod
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Riding	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 searching	cc
5	searching	search	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Riding	conj
6	wide	wide	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 areas	amod
7	areas	area	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 searching	obj
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 animals	case
9	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 searching	obl
10	already	already	ADV	_	11 dead	advmod
11	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ride	gerund		warm air					vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
2	search	gerund		wide areas				for animals	vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent area=Location for animal=Theme

Option 2

Dancing to call the rain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dancing	dance	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	to	to	PART	_	3 call	mark
3	call	call	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Dancing	xcomp
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 rain	det
5	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 call	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dance	gerund							tree rules
2	call	to-infinitive		the rain					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent rain=Recipient

Option 3

Counting the people below

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Counting	count	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 people	det
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Counting	obj
4	below	below	ADV	_	1 Counting	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	count	gerund		the people				below property	vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme

Option 4

Waiting for the living man to stop moving so they can attack him

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Waiting	wait	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 moving	csubj
2	for	for	ADP	_	5 man	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 man	det
4	living	living	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 man	compound
5	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Waiting	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 stop	mark
7	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Waiting	advcl
8	moving	move	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
9	so	so	SCONJ	_	12 attack	mark
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 attack	nsubj
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 attack	aux
12	attack	attack	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 moving	advcl
13	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 attack	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	gerund						for the living man	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	stop	to-infinitive							vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	move	gerund	Waiting						vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
4	attack	can	they	man					vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/t2/