Test 1 · ★★ · Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures

«falcon's just a small hawk, everyone knows that» What does DNA show?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: falcon, everyone, DNA · What happens: be, know, show · To what, where: small hawk · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 324 «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 hawk	punct
2	falcon	falcon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hawk	nsubj
3	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 hawk	cop
4	just	just	ADV	_	7 hawk	advmod
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 hawk	det
6	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 hawk	amod
7	hawk	hawk	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 knows	punct
9	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	10 knows	nsubj
10	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 hawk	acl:relcl
11	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 knows	obj
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 knows	punct
13	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	16 show	obj
14	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 show	aux
15	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 show	nsubj
16	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 knows	ccomp
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 hawk	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	falcon	a small hawk	tree rules
2	know in a quote	present	everyone	a small hawk	tree rules
3	show	present · do-support	DNA		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Falcons are closer to bats than to birds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Falcons	falcon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 closer	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 closer	cop
3	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 bats	case
5	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 closer	obl
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 birds	case
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 birds	case
8	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 closer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Falcons					to bats; than birds; close property	tree rules

Option 2

Yes, a falcon is just a baby hawk that has not grown up yet

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	9 hawk	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 falcon	det
4	falcon	falcon	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hawk	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 hawk	cop
6	just	just	ADV	_	9 hawk	advmod
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 hawk	det
8	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hawk	compound
9	hawk	hawk	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 grown	nsubj
11	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 grown	aux
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 grown	advmod
13	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 hawk	acl:relcl
14	up	up	ADP	_	13 grown	compound:prt
15	yet	yet	ADV	_	13 grown	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a falcon	a baby hawk					tree rules
2	not grow up	present · perfect	a baby hawk				yet		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Falcons are closer to parrots and songbirds than to hawks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Falcons	falcon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 closer	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 closer	cop
3	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 parrots	case
5	parrots	parrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 closer	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 songbirds	cc
7	songbirds	songbird	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 parrots	conj
8	than	than	ADP	_	10 hawks	case
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 hawks	case
10	hawks	hawk	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 closer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Falcons					to parrots and songbirds; than hawks; close property	tree rules

Option 4

Falcons are a kind of owl

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Falcons	falcon	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 kind	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 kind	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 kind	det
4	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 owl	case
6	owl	owl	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kind	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Falcons	a kind				of owl	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/t1/