Exam question 4 · Choosing a pet: the questions to ask first
Ascertain which of the following constitutes a favourable indication when acquiring a puppy.
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, follow, be, acquire · To what, where: puppy
This is exam question 4 of lesson 325 «Choosing a pet: the questions to ask first» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 indication | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 indication | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 indication | det |
| 5 | following | follow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 indication | case |
| 6 | constitutes | constitute | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 indication | cop |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 indication | det |
| 8 | favourable | favourable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 indication | amod |
| 9 | indication | indication | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | ccomp |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 acquiring | advmod |
| 11 | acquiring | acquire | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 indication | acl |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 puppy | det |
| 13 | puppy | puppy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 acquiring | obj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | is | present | of the favourable indication | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | acquire | gerund | a puppy | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset puppy=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
The seller declines to disclose the premises
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 seller | det |
| 2 | seller | seller | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 declines | nsubj |
| 3 | declines | decline | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 disclose | mark |
| 5 | disclose | disclose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 declines | xcomp |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 premises | det |
| 7 | premises | premise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 disclose | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | decline | present | the seller | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | not disclose | to-infinitive | the seller not said here | the premises | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot premise=Topic |
Option 2
The puppy is delivered to a car park without inspection
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 puppy | det |
| 2 | puppy | puppy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 delivered | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 delivered | aux:pass |
| 4 | delivered | deliver | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 park | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 park | det |
| 7 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 park | compound |
| 8 | park | park | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 delivered | obl |
| 9 | without | without | ADP | _ | 10 inspection | case |
| 10 | inspection | inspection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 delivered | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | deliver | present · passive | the puppy | a car park | without inspection | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to park=Destination |
Option 3
The puppy is offered at the lowest available price on the internet
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 puppy | det |
| 2 | puppy | puppy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 offered | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 offered | aux:pass |
| 4 | offered | offer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 price | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 price | det |
| 7 | lowest | low | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 9 price | amod |
| 8 | available | available | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 price | amod |
| 9 | price | price | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 offered | obl |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 internet | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 internet | det |
| 12 | internet | internet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 price | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | offer | present · passive | the puppy | the lowest available price on the internet | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The prospective owner is permitted to observe the puppy together with its mother
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 owner | det |
| 2 | prospective | prospective | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 owner | compound |
| 3 | owner | owner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 permitted | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 permitted | aux:pass |
| 5 | permitted | permit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 observe | mark |
| 7 | observe | observe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 permitted | xcomp |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 puppy | det |
| 9 | puppy | puppy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 observe | obj |
| 10 | together | together | ADV | _ | 7 observe | advmod |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 mother | case |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 mother | nmod:poss |
| 13 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 observe | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | permit | present · passive | the prospective owner | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | observe not said to happen | to-infinitive | the puppy | with owner's mother; together property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent puppy=Topic |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/325-choosing-a-pet-the-questions-to-ask-first/e4/