Exam question 2 · Tortoises, lizards and geckos as pets: heat, light and was…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the function of ultraviolet lamps in reptile enclosures.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, function

This is exam question 2 of lesson 329 «Tortoises, lizards and geckos as pets: heat, light and washing hands» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 function	det
11	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 lamps	case
13	ultraviolet	ultraviolet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 lamps	amod
14	lamps	lamp	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 function	nmod
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 enclosures	case
16	reptile	reptile	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 enclosures	compound
17	enclosures	enclosure	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 lamps	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the function of ultraviolet lamps in reptile enclosures		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus function=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They are a decorative addition without effect upon health

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 addition	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 addition	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 addition	det
4	decorative	decorative	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 addition	amod
5	addition	addition	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	without	without	ADP	_	7 effect	case
7	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 addition	nmod
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 health	case
9	health	health	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 addition	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	a decorative addition				without effect; upon health	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

They enable the synthesis of vitamin D and thereby the use of calcium in the bones

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 enable	nsubj
2	enable	enable	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 synthesis	det
4	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 enable	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 D	case
6	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 D	compound
7	D	D	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 synthesis	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 use	cc
9	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	11 use	advmod
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 use	det
11	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 synthesis	conj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 calcium	case
13	calcium	calcium	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 use	nmod
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 bones	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 bones	det
16	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 enable	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enable	present	They	the synthesis of vitamin D and the use of calcium		the bones			tree rules
2	use			calcium					nom use «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

They serve exclusively to warm the enclosure and have no further effect upon the animal's health

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 serve	nsubj
2	serve	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 serve	advmod
4	to	to	PART	_	5 warm	mark
5	warm	warm	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 serve	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 enclosure	det
7	enclosure	enclosure	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 warm	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 have	cc
9	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 serve	conj
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	12 effect	det
11	further	further	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 effect	amod
12	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 have	obj
13	upon	upon	ADP	_	17 health	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 animal	det
15	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 health	nmod:poss
16	's	's	PART	_	15 animal	case
17	health	health	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 effect	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	serve	present	They		exclusively property	vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent
2	warm	to-infinitive	They not said here	the enclosure		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent enclosure=Patient
3	have	present	They not said here	no further effect	upon the animal's health	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient

Option 4

They improve the colouration of the skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 improve	nsubj
2	improve	improve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 colouration	det
4	colouration	colouration	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 improve	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 skin	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 skin	det
7	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 colouration	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	improve	present	They	the colouration of the skin					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent colouration=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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