Exam question 3 · Tortoises, lizards and geckos as pets: heat, light and was…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between a tortoise and its shell?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: relationship

This is exam question 3 of lesson 329 «Tortoises, lizards and geckos as pets: heat, light and washing hands» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 relationship	det
10	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	13 tortoise	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 tortoise	det
13	tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relationship	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 shell	cc
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 shell	nmod:poss
16	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relationship	conj
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the relationship and tortoise's shell				of the following statements; between a tortoise; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The shell is formed from the skin of other animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 shell	det
2	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 formed	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 formed	aux:pass
4	formed	form	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 skin	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 skin	det
7	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 formed	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 animals	case
9	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 animals	amod
10	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 skin	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present · passive		the shell		the skin of other animals			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from skin=Material

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The shell forms part of the skeleton, being joined to the ribs and backbone

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 shell	det
2	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 forms	nsubj
3	forms	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 forms	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 skeleton	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 skeleton	det
7	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 part	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 joined	punct
9	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 joined	aux:pass
10	joined	join	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 forms	conj
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 ribs	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 ribs	det
13	ribs	rib	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 joined	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 backbone	cc
15	backbone	backbone	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ribs	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present	the shell	part of the skeleton					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location part=Theme
2	join	gerund · passive	the shell not said here					to the ribs and backbone	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: to rib=Co-Patient

Option 3

The shell is shed and replaced annually

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 shell	det
2	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 shed	aux:pass
4	shed	shed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 replaced	cc
6	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 shed	conj
7	annually	annually	ADV	_	6 replaced	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shed	present · passive		the shell					vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Source
2	replace	participle						annually property	vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme

Option 4

The shell is a separate covering that may be removed at will

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 shell	det
2	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 covering	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 covering	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 covering	det
5	separate	separate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 covering	amod
6	covering	covering	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 removed	nsubj:pass
8	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 removed	aux
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 removed	aux:pass
10	removed	remove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 covering	acl:relcl
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 will	case
12	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 removed	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the shell	a separate covering					tree rules
2	remove	may · passive		a separate covering					vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/329-tortoises-lizards-and-geckos-as-pets-heat-light-and-washing-hands/e3/