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Test 8 · Tortoises, lizards and geckos as pets: heat, light and was…

In Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles the turtles walk on two legs and fight with their hands. What is true of real tortoises and turtles?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: turtles · What happens: turtle, walk, fight, be · To what, where: Teenage Mutant Ninja, two legs

This is test 8 of lesson 329 «Tortoises, lizards and geckos as pets: heat, light and washing hands» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles the turtles walk on two legs and fight with their hands.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 Ninja	case
2	Teenage	teenage	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 Ninja	amod
3	Mutant	mutant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 Ninja	amod
4	Ninja	Ninja	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Turtles	obl
5	Turtles	turtle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 turtles	det
7	turtles	turtle	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 walk	nsubj
8	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 Turtles	ccomp
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 legs	case
10	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 legs	nummod
11	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 walk	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 fight	cc
13	fight	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 walk	conj
14	with	with	ADP	_	16 hands	case
15	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 hands	nmod:poss
16	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 fight	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 Turtles	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turtle	present				Teenage Mutant Ninja			tree rules
2	walk	present	the turtles			two legs			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leg=Trajectory
3	fight	present	the turtles not said here					with turtles's hands	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with hand=Co-Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true of real tortoises and turtles?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 tortoises	case
5	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 tortoises	amod
6	tortoises	tortoise	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 true	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 turtles	cc
8	turtles	turtle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 tortoises	conj
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						of real tortoises and turtles; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

They walk upright like people when nobody watches

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 walk	nsubj
2	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	upright	upright	ADV	_	2 walk	advmod
4	like	like	ADP	_	5 people	case
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 walk	obl
6	when	when	SCONJ	_	8 watches	mark
7	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	8 watches	nsubj
8	watches	watch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 walk	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	walk	present	They					like people; upright property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	watch	present	nobody						vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They walk on four legs, and the shell is part of their skeleton

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 walk	nsubj
2	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 legs	case
4	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 legs	nummod
5	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 walk	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 part	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 part	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 shell	det
9	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 part	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 part	cop
11	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 walk	advcl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 skeleton	case
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 skeleton	nmod:poss
14	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 part	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	walk	present	They			four legs			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leg=Trajectory
2	is a	present	the shell	part				of legs's skeleton	tree rules

Option 3

They use their front legs only as arms

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 use	nsubj
2	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 legs	nmod:poss
4	front	front	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 legs	amod
5	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	obj
6	only	only	ADV	_	8 arms	advmod
7	as	as	ADP	_	8 arms	case
8	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	They	their front legs				as arms	vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent leg=Duration as arm=Attribute

Option 4

They can unzip their shells and step out

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 unzip	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 unzip	aux
3	unzip	unzip	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 shells	nmod:poss
5	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 unzip	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 step	cc
7	step	step	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 unzip	conj
8	out	out	ADP	_	7 step	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	unzip	can	They	their shells					vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient
2	step out	infinitive	They not said here						vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/329-tortoises-lizards-and-geckos-as-pets-heat-light-and-washing-hands/t8/