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Exam question 4 · Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight

It is given that eggs are produced by hens maintained without a cockerel. Determine the consequence.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: hens, you · What happens: give, produce, maintain, determine · To what, where: It, eggs, hens, consequence

This is exam question 4 of lesson 33 «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that eggs are produced by hens maintained without a cockerel.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 produced	mark
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 produced	nsubj:pass
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 produced	aux:pass
7	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 hens	case
9	hens	hen	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 produced	obl
10	maintained	maintain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 hens	acl
11	without	without	ADP	_	13 cockerel	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 cockerel	det
13	cockerel	cockerel	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 maintained	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	produce	present · passive	hens	eggs					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result
3	maintain	participle		hens not said here				without a cockerel	vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Determine the consequence.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 consequence	det
3	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Determine	obj
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	imperative	you not said here	the consequence					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consequence=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The eggs hatch more rapidly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 eggs	det
2	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hatch	nsubj
3	hatch	hatch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 rapidly	advmod
5	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	3 hatch	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hatch	present	the eggs					rapidly property	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The eggs are incapable of hatching

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 eggs	det
2	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 incapable	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 incapable	cop
4	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 hatching	case
6	hatching	hatching	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 incapable	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the eggs					of hatching; incapable property	tree rules

Option 3

The eggs yield only male chicks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 eggs	det
2	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 yield	nsubj
3	yield	yield	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 chicks	advmod
5	male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 chicks	amod
6	chicks	chick	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 yield	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	yield	present	the eggs	male chicks					vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

The eggs possess no yolk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 eggs	det
2	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possess	nsubj
3	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 yolk	det
5	yolk	yolk	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possess	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the eggs	no yolk					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot yolk=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/e4/