Test 11 · Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight

Why do birds sing loudest at dawn?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: birds · What happens: sing · To what, where: loudest

This is test 11 of lesson 33 «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 sing	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sing	aux
3	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sing	nsubj
4	sing	sing	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	loudest	loud	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 sing	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 dawn	case
7	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 loudest	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 sing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	present · do-support	birds	loudest					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location loud=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The air is still and quiet, so songs carry far

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 quiet	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 quiet	cop
4	still	still	ADV	_	6 quiet	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 quiet	cc
6	quiet	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 carry	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	10 carry	advmod
9	songs	song	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 carry	nsubj
10	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 quiet	conj
11	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 carry	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the air				still	quiet property	tree rules
2	carry	present	songs					far property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

The sun makes their throats warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sun	det
2	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 throats	nmod:poss
5	throats	throat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 makes	obj
6	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	the sun	their throats				warm property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset throat=Product

Option 3

Birds can only see at dawn

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 see	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 see	aux
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 see	advmod
4	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 dawn	case
6	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 see	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	can	Birds				dawn		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

They are complaining loudly that they are hungry after the long night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 complaining	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 complaining	aux
3	complaining	complain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	loudly	loudly	ADV	_	3 complaining	advmod
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 hungry	mark
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 hungry	nsubj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 hungry	cop
8	hungry	hungry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 complaining	advcl
9	after	after	ADP	_	12 night	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 night	det
11	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 night	amod
12	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hungry	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	complain speech: other	present · progressive	They					loudly property	vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	they				night	hungry property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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