Test 6 · Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight
A goose flies a little behind and to the side of the one in front. Why there?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: goose · What happens: fly · To what, where: side
This is test 6 of lesson 33 «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A goose flies a little behind and to the side of the one in front.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 goose | det |
| 2 | goose | goose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 flies | nsubj |
| 3 | flies | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 side | det |
| 5 | little | little | ADV | Degree=Pos | 6 behind | advmod |
| 6 | behind | behind | ADV | _ | 10 side | advmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 side | cc |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 side | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 side | det |
| 10 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 flies | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 one | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 one | det |
| 13 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 side | nmod |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 front | case |
| 15 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 one | nmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 flies | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | present | a goose | a side of the one in front | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location side=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Why there?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Rel | root | root |
| 2 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 1 Why | expl |
| 3 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Why | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1
It is the warmest spot in the flock
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 spot | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 spot | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 spot | det |
| 4 | warmest | warm | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 spot | amod |
| 5 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 flock | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 flock | det |
| 8 | flock | flock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 spot | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | the warmest spot | the flock | tree rules |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
That is where swirling air from the wingtip gives a lift
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 where | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 where | cop |
| 3 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 4 | swirling | swirl | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 gives | csubj |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 swirling | obj |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 wingtip | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 wingtip | det |
| 8 | wingtip | wingtip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 swirling | obl |
| 9 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 where | advcl:relcl |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 lift | det |
| 11 | lift | lift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 gives | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | That | where property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | swirl | gerund | air | the wingtip | vn coil-9.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent air=Theme from wingtip=Destination | ||||
| 3 | give | present | swirling | a lift | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lift=Theme |
Option 3
So it can talk to the goose in front
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 talk | advmod |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 talk | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 talk | aux |
| 4 | talk | talk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 goose | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 goose | det |
| 7 | goose | goose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 talk | obl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 front | case |
| 9 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 talk | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | talk | can | it | front | to the goose | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to goose=Co-Agent |
Option 4
So that it can steal bits of food from the leader's beak as they fly
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 5 steal | advmod |
| 2 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 5 steal | mark |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 steal | nsubj |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 steal | aux |
| 5 | steal | steal | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | bits | bit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 steal | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 food | case |
| 8 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bits | nmod |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 beak | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 leader | det |
| 11 | leader | leader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 beak | nmod:poss |
| 12 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 11 leader | case |
| 13 | beak | beak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 steal | obl |
| 14 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 16 fly | mark |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 fly | nsubj |
| 16 | fly | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 steal | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | steal | can | it | bits of food | the leader's beak | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent bit=Theme from beak=Source | |||
| 2 | fly | present | bits = bit | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/t6/