Exam question 1 · Foods that are dangerous for pets: chocolate, grapes, onio…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard posed by chocolate to domestic dogs?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, pose · To what, where: hazard

This is exam question 1 of lesson 331 «Foods that are dangerous for pets: chocolate, grapes, onions and lilies» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 hazard	det
10	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	posed	pose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 hazard	acl
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 chocolate	case
13	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 posed	obl
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 dogs	case
15	domestic	domestic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 dogs	amod
16	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 posed	obl:agent
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the hazard	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	pose	participle	the hazard not said here	by chocolate	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

A constituent of chocolate is eliminated very slowly by the canine body and accumulates to harmful levels

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 constituent	det
2	constituent	constituent	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 eliminated	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 chocolate	case
4	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constituent	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 eliminated	aux:pass
6	eliminated	eliminate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	very	very	ADV	_	8 slowly	advmod
8	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	6 eliminated	advmod
9	by	by	ADP	_	12 body	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 body	det
11	canine	canine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 body	amod
12	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 eliminated	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 accumulates	cc
14	accumulates	accumulate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 eliminated	conj
15	to	to	ADP	_	17 levels	case
16	harmful	harmful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 levels	amod
17	levels	level	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 accumulates	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eliminate	present · passive	the canine body	a constituent of chocolate				slowly property	vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	accumulate	present	the canine body not said here					to harmful levels	vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Chocolate is harmless to dogs provided it is of the dark variety

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 harmless	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 harmless	cop
3	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 provided	case
5	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 provided	nsubj
6	provided	provide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 harmless	parataxis
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 provided	obj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 harmless	cop
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 variety	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 variety	det
11	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 variety	amod
12	variety	variety	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 harmless	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Chocolate					of the dark variety; harmless property	tree rules
2	provide	past	dogs	Chocolate					vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition it=Theme

Option 3

Chocolate presents a hazard exclusively when consumed in a frozen state

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 presents	nsubj
2	presents	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 hazard	det
4	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 presents	obj
5	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 presents	advmod
6	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	7 consumed	advmod
7	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 presents	advcl
8	in	in	ADP	_	11 state	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 state	det
10	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 state	amod
11	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 consumed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	present	present	Chocolate	a hazard		exclusively property	vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hazard=Theme
2	consume	participle	Chocolate not said here		a frozen state		vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	freeze	participle					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

Chocolate is hazardous to dogs solely on account of its sugar content, which causes immediate damage to the teeth

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hazardous	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hazardous	cop
3	hazardous	hazardous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 dogs	case
5	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hazardous	obl
6	solely	solely	ADV	_	8 account	advmod
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 account	case
8	account	account	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dogs	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 content	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 content	nmod:poss
11	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 content	compound
12	content	content	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 account	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 causes	punct
14	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 causes	nsubj
15	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 content	acl:relcl
16	immediate	immediate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 damage	amod
17	damage	damage	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 causes	obj
18	to	to	ADP	_	20 teeth	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 teeth	det
20	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 damage	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Chocolate		to dogs on account of Chocolate's sugar content; hazardous property	tree rules
2	cause	present	Chocolate's sugar content	immediate damage	to the teeth	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition damage=Patient
3	account			Chocolate's sugar content		nom account «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/331-foods-that-are-dangerous-for-pets-chocolate-grapes-onions-and-lilies/e1/