Exam question 1 · The garden in spring: buds, frogspawn, queen bumblebees an…

Identify the principal reason for which a common frog deposits a very large number of eggs in a single clump.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, common frog · What happens: identify, deposit · To what, where: principal reason, large number, single clump

This is exam question 1 of lesson 333 «The garden in spring: buds, frogspawn, queen bumblebees and nesting birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 deposits	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 frog	det
8	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 frog	amod
9	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 deposits	nsubj
10	deposits	deposit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	parataxis
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 number	det
12	very	very	ADV	_	13 large	advmod
13	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 number	amod
14	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 deposits	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 eggs	case
16	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 number	nmod
17	in	in	ADP	_	20 clump	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 clump	det
19	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 clump	amod
20	clump	clump	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 deposits	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	deposit	present	a common frog	a large number of eggs		a single clump		for the principal reason	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent number=Theme in clump=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

All of the eggs are certain to mature into adult frogs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 certain	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 eggs	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 eggs	det
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 All	nmod
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 certain	cop
6	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 mature	mark
8	mature	mature	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 certain	xcomp
9	into	into	ADP	_	11 frogs	case
10	adult	adult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 frogs	amod
11	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 mature	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	All					certain property	tree rules
2	mature	to-infinitive	All not said here					into adult frogs	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient into frog=Product

Option 2

The eggs are required to fill the pond with jelly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 eggs	det
2	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 required	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 required	aux:pass
4	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 fill	mark
6	fill	fill	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 required	xcomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 pond	det
8	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fill	obj
9	with	with	ADP	_	10 jelly	case
10	jelly	jelly	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fill	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive		the eggs					vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
2	fill	to-infinitive		the pond				with jelly	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent pond=Patient with jelly=Instrument

Option 3

The female frog is unable to regulate the number of eggs owing to the cold

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 frog	det
2	female	female	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 frog	amod
3	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 unable	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 unable	cop
5	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 regulate	mark
7	regulate	regulate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 unable	xcomp
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 number	det
9	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 regulate	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 eggs	case
11	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 number	nmod
12	owing	owe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 eggs	acl
13	to	to	ADP	_	15 cold	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 cold	det
15	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 owing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	the female frog		unable property	tree rules
2	regulate	to-infinitive	the female frog not said here	the number of eggs		tree rules
3	owe	gerund	eggs not said here		to the cold goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to cold=Goal

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Only a small proportion of the eggs survive to become adult frogs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 proportion	advmod
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 proportion	det
3	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 proportion	amod
4	proportion	proportion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 survive	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 eggs	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 eggs	det
7	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 proportion	nmod
8	survive	survive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	to	to	PART	_	10 become	mark
10	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 survive	xcomp
11	adult	adult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 frogs	amod
12	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 become	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	survive	present	a small proportion of the eggs						tree rules
2	become	to-infinitive	a small proportion of the eggs not said here	adult frogs					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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