Exam question 1 · The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and w…

Identify the principal reason for which deciduous trees shed their leaves in advance of winter.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, deciduous trees, winter · What happens: identify, shed, advance · To what, where: principal reason, leaves, advance

This is exam question 1 of lesson 336 «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 shed	obl
7	deciduous	deciduous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 trees	amod
8	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 shed	nsubj
9	shed	shed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 leaves	nmod:poss
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 shed	obj
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 advance	case
13	advance	advance	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shed	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 winter	case
15	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 advance	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	shed	past	deciduous trees	trees's leaves	advance of winter	for the principal reason	vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leaf=Source
3	advance		winter				nom advance «event intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The provision of food for animals that hibernate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 provision	det
2	provision	provision	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 food	case
4	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 provision	nmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 animals	case
6	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 provision	nmod
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 hibernate	nsubj
8	hibernate	hibernate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 animals	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hibernate	present	animals						vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location
2	provide		food					for animals	nom provision «communication intransitive»: of=agent for=obl

Option 2

The concealment of the buds from birds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 concealment	det
2	concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 buds	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 buds	det
5	buds	bud	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 concealment	nmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 birds	case
7	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 buds	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conceal			the buds from birds					nom concealment «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The conservation of water during a period in which the ground is frozen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 conservation	det
2	conservation	conservation	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 frozen	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 water	case
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conservation	nmod
5	during	during	ADP	_	7 period	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 period	det
7	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conservation	nmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	11 ground	case
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 ground	nsubj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ground	det
11	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 period	nmod
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 frozen	aux:pass
13	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	present · passive		the conservation of water during a period in the ground					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result
2	conserve			water			during a period in the ground		nom conservation «event transitive»: of=patient during=obl

Option 4

The reception of a greater quantity of snow upon the branches

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 reception	det
2	reception	reception	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 quantity	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 quantity	det
5	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 quantity	amod
6	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reception	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 snow	case
8	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 quantity	nmod
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	11 branches	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 branches	det
11	branches	branch	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 reception	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	receive			a greater quantity of snow				upon the branches	nom reception «communication transitive»: of=patient upon=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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