Exam question 2 · The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and w…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the tracks left in snow by a fox.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, leave · To what, where: response, tracks, snow

This is exam question 2 of lesson 336 «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 tracks	det
11	tracks	track	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 concerning	obj
12	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 tracks	acl
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 snow	case
14	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 left	obl
15	by	by	ADP	_	17 fox	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 fox	det
17	fox	fox	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 left	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the tracks		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus track=Experiencer
4	leave	participle		the tracks not said here	in snow result; by a fox	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in snow=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The tracks form a nearly straight line, each displaying four toes and the marks of claws

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tracks	det
2	tracks	track	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 form	nsubj
3	form	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 line	det
5	nearly	nearly	ADV	_	6 straight	advmod
6	straight	straight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 line	amod
7	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 form	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 toes	punct
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	12 toes	det
10	displaying	display	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 toes	amod
11	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 toes	nummod
12	toes	toe	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 line	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 marks	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 marks	det
15	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 toes	conj
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 claws	case
17	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 marks	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	form	present	the tracks	a straight line each displaying four toes and the marks of claws	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location line=Theme
2	display	gerund			vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	mark			claws	nom mark «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

The tracks occur in pairs, side by side, as in the case of sparrows and other small hopping birds

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tracks	det
2	tracks	track	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 occur	nsubj
3	occur	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 pairs	case
5	pairs	pair	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 occur	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 side	punct
7	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pairs	conj
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 side	case
9	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 occur	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 case	punct
11	as	as	ADP	_	14 case	case
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 case	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 case	det
14	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 occur	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 sparrows	case
16	sparrows	sparrow	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 case	nmod
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 birds	cc
18	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 birds	amod
19	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 birds	amod
20	hopping	hopping	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 birds	compound
21	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 sparrows	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	present	the tracks			pairs and side		by side; as the case of sparrows and other small hopping birds	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in pair=Location

Option 3

The tracks display five toes and no marks of claws

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tracks	det
2	tracks	track	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 display	nsubj
3	display	display	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 toes	nummod
5	toes	toe	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 display	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 marks	cc
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 marks	det
8	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 toes	conj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 claws	case
10	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 marks	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	display	present	the tracks	five toes and no marks of claws					vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toe=Theme
2	mark			claws					nom mark «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The tracks are indistinguishable from those of a domestic cat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tracks	det
2	tracks	track	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 indistinguishable	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 indistinguishable	cop
4	indistinguishable	indistinguishable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 those	case
6	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	4 indistinguishable	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 cat	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 cat	det
9	domestic	domestic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 cat	amod
10	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 those	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the tracks			those		indistinguishable property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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