Test 6 · The park pond through the year: ducks, coots, swans, drago…

«dragonflies are just big flies, they can't hunt» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: dragonflies · What happens: be, not hunt · To what, where: big flies

This is test 6 of lesson 337 «The park pond through the year: ducks, coots, swans, dragonflies and ice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 dragonflies	punct
2	dragonflies	dragonfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 flies	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 flies	cop
4	just	just	ADV	_	6 flies	advmod
5	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 flies	amod
6	flies	fly	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 flies	punct
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 hunt	nsubj
9	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 hunt	aux
10	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 hunt	advmod
11	hunt	hunt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 flies	parataxis
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 hunt	punct
13	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	15 right	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 right	cop
15	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 hunt	ccomp
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 flies	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	dragonflies	big flies		tree rules
2	not hunt in a quote	can	dragonflies = dragonfly			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is	present			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Dragonflies sting people for food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dragonflies	dragonfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sting	nsubj
2	sting	sting	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sting	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 food	case
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sting	present	Dragonflies	people				for food	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus people=Experiencer

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Dragonflies are expert hunters that catch almost every insect they chase

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dragonflies	dragonfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hunters	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hunters	cop
3	expert	expert	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 hunters	amod
4	hunters	hunter	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 catch	nsubj
6	catch	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hunters	acl:relcl
7	almost	almost	ADV	_	9 insect	advmod
8	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 insect	det
9	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 catch	obj
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 chase	nsubj
11	chase	chase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 insect	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present	Dragonflies	expert hunters	tree rules
2	catch	present	expert hunters	every insect	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme
3	chase	present	Dragonflies = dragonfly	every insect not said here	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme

Option 3

Dragonflies are too slow to catch flies, so they eat dead ones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dragonflies	dragonfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 slow	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 slow	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 slow	advmod
4	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 catch	mark
6	catch	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 slow	xcomp
7	flies	fly	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 catch	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 eat	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	11 eat	advmod
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 eat	nsubj
11	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 slow	conj
12	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 ones	amod
13	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 eat	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Dragonflies		slow property	tree rules
2	catch	to-infinitive	Dragonflies not said here	flies		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fly=Theme
3	eat	present	Dragonflies = dragonfly	dead ones		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient

Option 4

Dragonflies eat only leaves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dragonflies	dragonfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 eat	nsubj
2	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 leaves	advmod
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 eat	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	Dragonflies	leaves					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/337-the-park-pond-through-the-year-ducks-coots-swans-dragonflies-and-ice/t6/