Test 7 · The park pond through the year: ducks, coots, swans, drago…

A girl sees ducks who cannot fly in July and thinks they are hurt. What is true?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: girl, ducks · What happens: see, not fly, think, hurt, be · To what, where: ducks · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 of lesson 337 «The park pond through the year: ducks, coots, swans, dragonflies and ice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A girl sees ducks who cannot fly in July and thinks they are hurt.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 girl	det
2	girl	girl	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sees	nsubj
3	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	ducks	duck	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sees	obj
5	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 fly	nsubj
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 fly	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 fly	advmod
8	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 ducks	acl:relcl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 July	case
10	July	July	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 fly	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 thinks	cc
12	thinks	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sees	conj
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 hurt	nsubj
14	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 hurt	aux:pass
15	hurt	hurt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 thinks	ccomp
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sees	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	see	present	a girl	ducks		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer duck=Stimulus
2	not fly	can	ducks		july	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	think speech: other	present	a girl not said here			vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	hurt	present · passive		ducks = duck		vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

They are hurt, and every one of them needs to be taken to a vet

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 hurt	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hurt	aux:pass
3	hurt	hurt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 needs	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 needs	cc
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 one	det
7	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 needs	nsubj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 them	case
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 one	nmod
10	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hurt	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	13 taken	mark
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 taken	aux:pass
13	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 needs	xcomp
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 vet	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 vet	det
16	vet	vet	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 taken	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	hurt	present · passive		They		vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	need	present	every one of them			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	take not said to happen	to-infinitive · passive	every one of them not said here		to a vet result	vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: to vet=Result

Option 2

They have forgotten how to fly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 forgotten	nsubj
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 forgotten	aux
3	forgotten	forget	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	6 fly	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 fly	mark
6	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 forgotten	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	forget	present · perfect	They						tree rules
2	fly	to-infinitive	They not said here						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

They are waiting for winter to fly away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 waiting	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 waiting	aux
3	waiting	wait	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 winter	case
5	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 waiting	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 fly	mark
7	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 waiting	advcl
8	away	away	ADV	_	7 fly	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	present · progressive	They				winter		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	fly away	to-infinitive	They not said here					away property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Ducks moult all their flight feathers at once and regrow them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ducks	duck	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 moult	nsubj
2	moult	moult	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 feathers	det:predet
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 feathers	nmod:poss
5	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 feathers	compound
6	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 moult	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 once	case
8	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	2 moult	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 regrow	cc
10	regrow	regrow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 moult	conj
11	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 regrow	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	moult	present	Ducks	Ducks's flight feathers					tree rules
2	regrow	infinitive	Ducks not said here	feathers = feather					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/337-the-park-pond-through-the-year-ducks-coots-swans-dragonflies-and-ice/t7/