Exam question 1 · Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, lime…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the leaf of the horse chestnut?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: leaf

This is exam question 1 of lesson 339 «Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 leaf	det
10	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 chestnut	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 chestnut	det
13	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 chestnut	compound
14	chestnut	chestnut	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 leaf	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the leaf of the horse chestnut				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is small, triangular and borne upon white twigs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 small	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 small	cop
3	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 triangular	punct
5	triangular	triangular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 small	conj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 borne	cc
7	borne	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 small	conj
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 twigs	case
9	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 twigs	amod
10	twigs	twig	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 borne	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	It	small property	tree rules
2	be				tree rules
3	bear	participle		upon white twigs	vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2

It is heart-shaped and secretes honeydew

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 shaped	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 shaped	aux:pass
3	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shaped	compound
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 shaped	punct
5	shaped	shape	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 secretes	cc
7	secretes	secrete	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 shaped	conj
8	honeydew	honeydew	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 secretes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shape	present · passive		It					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	secrete	present		honeydew					tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It is a single leaf with a wavy margin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 leaf	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 leaf	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 leaf	det
4	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 leaf	amod
5	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	9 margin	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 margin	det
8	wavy	wavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 margin	amod
9	margin	margin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 leaf	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a single leaf				with a wavy margin	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is composed of five to seven leaflets arranged like the fingers of a hand

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 composed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 composed	aux:pass
3	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	8 leaflets	case
5	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 leaflets	nummod
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 seven	case
7	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 five	nmod
8	leaflets	leaflet	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 composed	obl
9	arranged	arrange	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 leaflets	acl
10	like	like	ADP	_	12 fingers	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 fingers	det
12	fingers	finger	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 arranged	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 hand	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 hand	det
15	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 fingers	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	present · passive		It				of five leaflets	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
2	arrange	participle		five leaflets not said here				like the fingers of a hand	vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/e1/