Exam question 4 · Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, lime…

Ascertain the relation between the bark of the willow and a medicine in present use.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain · To what, where: relation

This is exam question 4 of lesson 339 «Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 relation	det
3	relation	relation	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	between	between	ADP	_	6 bark	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bark	det
6	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 relation	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 willow	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 willow	det
9	willow	willow	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bark	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 medicine	cc
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 medicine	det
12	medicine	medicine	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bark	conj
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 use	case
14	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 use	amod
15	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 medicine	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the relation				between the bark of the willow and a medicine in present use	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent relation=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Willow bark is employed in the manufacture of vaccines

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Willow	willow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bark	compound
2	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 employed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 employed	aux:pass
4	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 manufacture	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 manufacture	det
7	manufacture	manufacture	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 employed	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 vaccines	case
9	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 manufacture	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	present · passive		Willow bark		the manufacture of vaccines			vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	manufacture			vaccines					nom manufacture «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

No substance of medical interest has been found in willow bark

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 substance	det
2	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 found	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 interest	case
4	medical	medical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 interest	amod
5	interest	interest	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 substance	nmod
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 found	aux
7	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 found	aux:pass
8	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 bark	case
10	willow	willow	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 bark	compound
11	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 found	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	present · perfect · passive		no substance of medical interest		willow bark			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Option 3

Willow bark is the source of all modern antibiotics

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Willow	willow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bark	compound
2	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 source	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 source	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 source	det
5	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 antibiotics	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 antibiotics	det
8	modern	modern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 antibiotics	amod
9	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 source	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Willow bark	the source				of all modern antibiotics	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A chemical in willow bark, formerly used to relieve pain, resembles that from which aspirin was later made

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 chemical	det
2	chemical	chemical	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 resembles	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 bark	case
4	willow	willow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bark	compound
5	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 chemical	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 used	punct
7	formerly	formerly	ADV	_	8 used	advmod
8	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 bark	acl:relcl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 relieve	mark
10	relieve	relieve	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 used	xcomp
11	pain	pain	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relieve	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 chemical	punct
13	resembles	resemble	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	20 made	nsubj
15	from	from	ADP	_	17 aspirin	case
16	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	17 aspirin	det
17	aspirin	aspirin	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 that	nmod
18	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 made	aux:pass
19	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	20 made	advmod
20	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 resembles	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	use	participle		willow bark not said here	formerly property	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	relieve	to-infinitive		pain		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus pain=Experiencer
3	resemble	present	a chemical in willow bark			tree rules
4	make	past · passive		that	late property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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