Test 11 · ★ · Birds of prey and owls
In a game, an eagle grabs a fish from a lake with its beak while flying. Which real bird is built to grab fish, and how?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: eagle · What happens: grab, fly, build · To what, where: fish, game
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 34 «Birds of prey and owls» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: In a game, an eagle grabs a fish from a lake with its beak while flying.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 game | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 game | det |
| 3 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 grabs | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 game | punct |
| 5 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 eagle | det |
| 6 | eagle | eagle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 grabs | nsubj |
| 7 | grabs | grab | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 fish | det |
| 9 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 grabs | obj |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 lake | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 lake | det |
| 12 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 grabs | obl |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 beak | case |
| 14 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 beak | nmod:poss |
| 15 | beak | beak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 grabs | obl |
| 16 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 17 flying | mark |
| 17 | flying | fly | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 grabs | advcl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 grabs | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grab | present | a eagle | a fish | a game | from a lake; with eagle's beak | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent fish=Theme from lake=Source | ||
| 2 | fly | gerund | a eagle not said here | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Which real bird is built to grab fish, and how?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 built | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 bird | amod |
| 3 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 built | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 built | aux:pass |
| 5 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 grab | mark |
| 7 | grab | grab | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 built | advcl |
| 8 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 grab | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 how | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 how | cc |
| 11 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 built | conj |
| 12 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 built | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build | present · passive | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||||
| 2 | grab | to-infinitive | fish | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme |
The options
Option 1
The barn owl, with its beak only
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 owl | det |
| 2 | barn | barn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 owl | compound |
| 3 | owl | owl | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 beak | punct |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 beak | case |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 beak | nmod:poss |
| 7 | beak | beak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 owl | appos |
| 8 | only | only | ADV | _ | 7 beak | advmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The osprey, diving feet first and gripping with its toes
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 osprey | det |
| 2 | osprey | osprey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 diving | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 osprey | punct |
| 4 | diving | dive | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 diving | obj |
| 6 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 diving | advmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 gripping | cc |
| 8 | gripping | grip | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 diving | conj |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 toes | case |
| 10 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 toes | nmod:poss |
| 11 | toes | toe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 gripping | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dive | gerund | the osprey | feet | first property | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location foot=Theme | |||
| 2 | grip | gerund | the osprey not said here | with osprey's toes | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with toe=Instrument |
Option 3
The vulture, with its strong stomach and bald head
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 vulture | det |
| 2 | vulture | vulture | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 stomach | punct |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 stomach | case |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 stomach | nmod:poss |
| 6 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 stomach | amod |
| 7 | stomach | stomach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 vulture | conj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 head | cc |
| 9 | bald | bald | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 head | amod |
| 10 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 vulture | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
The kestrel, with its tail
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 kestrel | det |
| 2 | kestrel | kestrel | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 tail | punct |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 tail | case |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 tail | nmod:poss |
| 6 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 kestrel | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/34-birds-of-prey-and-owls/t11/