Exam question 2 · Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and y…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the process of pasteurisation?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, process · To what, where: process, pasteurisation

This is exam question 2 of lesson 341 «Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 process	det
10	process	process	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 pasteurisation	case
12	pasteurisation	pasteurisation	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 process	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the process of pasteurisation	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	process		pasteurisation		nom process «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The milk is heated to approximately seventy-two degrees for fifteen seconds so that germs are destroyed

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 milk	det
2	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 heated	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 heated	aux:pass
4	heated	heat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	10 degrees	mark
6	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	9 two	advmod
7	seventy	seventy	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 two	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 seventy	punct
9	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 degrees	nummod
10	degrees	degree	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 heated	advcl
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 seconds	case
12	fifteen	fifteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 seconds	nummod
13	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 heated	obl
14	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	18 destroyed	mark
15	that	that	SCONJ	_	14 so	fixed
16	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 destroyed	nsubj
17	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 destroyed	aux:pass
18	destroyed	destroy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 heated	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	heat	present · passive		the milk			second		vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
2	destroy	present · passive		germs					vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 2

The milk is frozen to a very low temperature for several days so that all germs are rendered inactive permanently

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 milk	det
2	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 frozen	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 frozen	aux:pass
4	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	9 temperature	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 temperature	det
7	very	very	ADV	_	8 low	advmod
8	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 temperature	amod
9	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 frozen	obl
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 days	case
11	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 days	amod
12	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 frozen	obl
13	so	so	SCONJ	_	18 rendered	mark
14	that	that	SCONJ	_	18 rendered	mark
15	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	16 germs	det
16	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 rendered	nsubj
17	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 rendered	aux:pass
18	rendered	render	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 frozen	advcl
19	inactive	inactive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 rendered	xcomp
20	permanently	permanently	ADV	_	18 rendered	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	present · passive		the milk			day	to a low temperature	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result
2	render	present · passive		all germs				inactive, permanently property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

The milk is mixed with acid so that it thickens

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 milk	det
2	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mixed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mixed	aux:pass
4	mixed	mix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 acid	case
6	acid	acid	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mixed	obl
7	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	10 thickens	mark
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 so	fixed
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 thickens	nsubj
10	thickens	thicken	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mixed	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mix	present · passive		the milk				with acid	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient with acid=Co-Patient
2	thicken	present	milk						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

The fat of the milk is removed so that it keeps indefinitely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fat	det
2	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 removed	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 milk	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 milk	det
5	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fat	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 removed	aux:pass
7	removed	remove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	11 keeps	mark
9	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 so	fixed
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 keeps	nsubj
11	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 removed	advcl
12	indefinitely	indefinitely	ADV	_	11 keeps	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remove	present · passive		the fat of the milk					vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	keep	present	fat					indefinitely property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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