Exam question 3 · Honey and the beekeeper's year

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conduct of honeybees during winter?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, conduct · To what, where: conduct, honeybees

This is exam question 3 of lesson 344 «Honey and the beekeeper's year» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 conduct	det
10	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 honeybees	case
12	honeybees	honeybee	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 conduct	nmod
13	during	during	ADP	_	14 winter	case
14	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the conduct of honeybees	winter	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	conduct		honeybees			nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They perish entirely and are replaced in spring

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 perish	nsubj
2	perish	perish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	2 perish	advmod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 replaced	cc
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 replaced	aux:pass
6	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 perish	conj
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 spring	case
8	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 replaced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perish	present	They					entirely property	vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	replace	present · passive	They not said here				spring		vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V PP.co-theme»

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

They do not hibernate but cluster together and generate heat by shivering the flight muscles

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 hibernate	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hibernate	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 hibernate	advmod
4	hibernate	hibernate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 cluster	cc
6	cluster	cluster	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 hibernate	conj
7	together	together	ADV	_	6 cluster	advmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 generate	cc
9	generate	generate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hibernate	conj
10	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 generate	obj
11	by	by	SCONJ	_	12 shivering	mark
12	shivering	shiver	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 generate	advcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 muscles	det
14	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 muscles	compound
15	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 shivering	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not hibernate	present · do-support	They			vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location
2	cluster	infinitive	They not said here		together property	vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	generate	present	They not said here	heat		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Patient
4	shiver	gerund	They not said here	the flight muscles		tree rules

Option 3

They migrate to warmer regions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 migrate	nsubj
2	migrate	migrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 regions	case
4	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 regions	amod
5	regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 migrate	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	migrate	present	They					to warmer regions	tree rules

Option 4

They hibernate individually beneath the soil until the temperature rises again in spring

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hibernate	nsubj
2	hibernate	hibernate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	individually	individually	ADV	_	2 hibernate	advmod
4	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	6 soil	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 soil	det
6	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hibernate	obl
7	until	until	SCONJ	_	10 rises	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 temperature	det
9	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 rises	nsubj
10	rises	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 hibernate	advcl
11	again	again	ADV	_	10 rises	advmod
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 spring	case
13	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 rises	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hibernate	present	They					beneath the soil; individually property	vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location
2	rise	present	the temperature				again; spring		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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