Exam question 4 · Honey and the beekeeper's year

Ascertain the reason for which honey ought not to be administered to infants under one year of age.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, not administer · To what, where: reason, honey, infants

This is exam question 4 of lesson 344 «Honey and the beekeeper's year» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 administered	obl
6	honey	honey	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 administered	nsubj
7	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 administered	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 administered	advmod
9	to	to	PART	_	11 administered	mark
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 administered	aux:pass
11	administered	administer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reason	acl:relcl
12	to	to	ADP	_	13 infants	case
13	infants	infant	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 administered	obl
14	under	under	ADP	_	16 year	case
15	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 year	nummod
16	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 administered	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 age	case
18	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 year	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	not administer	ought · passive	you not said here	honey	infants		year	for the reason	vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to infant=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It causes the immediate loss of infant teeth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 causes	nsubj
2	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 loss	det
4	immediate	immediate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 loss	amod
5	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 causes	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 teeth	case
7	infant	infant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 teeth	amod
8	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 loss	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present	It	the immediate loss of infant teeth					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition loss=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It may contain dormant bacteria which the immature gut of an infant cannot suppress

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 contain	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 contain	aux
3	contain	contain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	dormant	dormant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bacteria	amod
5	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 contain	obj
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 suppress	obj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 gut	det
8	immature	immature	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 gut	amod
9	gut	gut	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 suppress	nsubj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 infant	case
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 infant	det
12	infant	infant	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 gut	nmod
13	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 suppress	aux
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 suppress	advmod
15	suppress	suppress	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 bacteria	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	may	It	dormant bacteria					vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bacterium=Theme
2	not suppress	can	the immature gut of a infant	dormant bacteria					vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient

Option 3

Its sugar content is toxic to all infants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 content	nmod:poss
2	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 content	compound
3	content	content	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 toxic	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 toxic	cop
5	toxic	toxic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 infants	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 infants	det
8	infants	infant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 toxic	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Its sugar content					to all infants; toxic property	tree rules

Option 4

Its viscosity obstructs the infant's throat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 viscosity	nmod:poss
2	viscosity	viscosity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 obstructs	nsubj
3	obstructs	obstruct	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 infant	det
5	infant	infant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 throat	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 infant	case
7	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 obstructs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	obstruct	present	Its viscosity	the infant's throat					vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer throat=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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