Exam question 1 · Fruit: how apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries and grap…

Identify the method by which orchards propagate numerous trees of an identical apple variety.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, orchards · What happens: identify, propagate · To what, where: method, numerous trees

This is exam question 1 of lesson 346 «Fruit: how apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries and grapes grow» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 method	det
3	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 propagate	obl
6	orchards	orchard	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 propagate	nsubj
7	propagate	propagate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 method	acl:relcl
8	numerous	numerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 trees	amod
9	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 propagate	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	14 variety	case
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 variety	det
12	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 variety	amod
13	apple	apple	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 variety	compound
14	variety	variety	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 trees	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the method					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent method=Theme
2	propagate	present	orchards	numerous trees of a identical apple variety				by the method	vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location tree=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The sowing of pips taken from the desired variety

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sowing	det
2	sowing	sowing	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 taken	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 pips	case
4	pips	pip	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sowing	nmod
5	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	9 variety	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 variety	det
8	desired	desire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 variety	amod
9	variety	variety	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 taken	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	participle	the sowing of pips			the desired variety			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent from variety=Initial_Location
2	desire	participle							vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Grafting, whereby a twig of a desirable tree is joined to young roots

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grafting	grafting	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 joined	punct
3	whereby	whereby	ADV	PronType=Int	11 joined	advmod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 twig	det
5	twig	twig	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 joined	nsubj:pass
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 tree	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 tree	det
8	desirable	desirable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 tree	amod
9	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 twig	nmod
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 joined	aux:pass
11	joined	join	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Grafting	appos
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 roots	case
13	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 roots	amod
14	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 joined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	join	present · passive		a twig of a desirable tree				to young roots; whereby property	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to root=Co-Patient

Option 3

The irrigation of saplings with apple juice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 irrigation	det
2	irrigation	irrigation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 saplings	case
4	saplings	sapling	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 irrigation	nmod
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 juice	case
6	apple	apple	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 juice	compound
7	juice	juice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 saplings	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	irrigate			saplings with apple juice					nom irrigation «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The burial of halved apples in the soil

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 burial	det
2	burial	burial	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 apples	case
4	halved	halve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 apples	amod
5	apples	apple	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 burial	nmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 soil	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 soil	det
8	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 apples	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	halve	participle							vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	bury			halved apples in the soil					nom burial «event transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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