Exam question 4 · Fruit: how apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries and grap…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the consumption of grapes by dogs.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, consume · To what, where: response, consumption, grapes

This is exam question 4 of lesson 346 «Fruit: how apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries and grapes grow» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 consumption	det
11	consumption	consumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 grapes	case
13	grapes	grape	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 consumption	nmod
14	by	by	ADP	_	15 dogs	case
15	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 concerning	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the consumption of grapes	by dogs	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus consumption=Experiencer
4	consume			grapes		nom consumption «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Grapes are beneficial to the digestion of dogs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grapes	grape	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 beneficial	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 beneficial	cop
3	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 digestion	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 digestion	det
6	digestion	digestion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 beneficial	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 dogs	case
8	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 digestion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Grapes					to the digestion of dogs; beneficial property	tree rules
2	digest			dogs					nom digestion «process transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Grapes and raisins may cause serious damage to the kidneys of a dog even in small quantities

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grapes	grape	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cause	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 raisins	cc
3	raisins	raisin	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Grapes	conj
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 cause	aux
5	cause	cause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	serious	serious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 damage	amod
7	damage	damage	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cause	obj
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 kidneys	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 kidneys	det
10	kidneys	kidney	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cause	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 dog	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 dog	det
13	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 kidneys	nmod
14	even	even	ADV	_	17 quantities	advmod
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 quantities	case
16	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 quantities	amod
17	quantities	quantity	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cause	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	may	Grapes and raisins	serious damage		small quantities		to the kidneys of a dog	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition damage=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Grapes are harmless to dogs once dried as raisins

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grapes	grape	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 harmless	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 harmless	cop
3	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 dogs	case
5	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 harmless	obl
6	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	7 dried	advmod
7	dried	dry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 harmless	advcl
8	as	as	ADP	_	9 raisins	case
9	raisins	raisin	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 dried	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Grapes					to dogs; harmless property	tree rules
2	dry	past	Grapes not said here					as raisins; once property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

Only green grapes are harmful to dogs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 grapes	advmod
2	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 grapes	amod
3	grapes	grape	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 harmful	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 harmful	cop
5	harmful	harmful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 dogs	case
7	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 harmful	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	green grapes					to dogs; harmful property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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