Exam question 3 · Fruit: how apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries and grap…

Ascertain the reason for which an unripe banana enclosed in a bag with an apple ripens rapidly.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, unripe banana · What happens: ascertain, enclose, ripen · To what, where: reason, unripe banana, bag

This is exam question 3 of lesson 346 «Fruit: how apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries and grapes grow» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 ripens	obl
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 banana	det
7	unripe	unripe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 banana	amod
8	banana	banana	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 ripens	nsubj
9	enclosed	enclose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 banana	acl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 bag	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 bag	det
12	bag	bag	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 enclosed	obl
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 apple	case
14	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 apple	det
15	apple	apple	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 enclosed	obl
16	ripens	ripen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reason	acl
17	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	16 ripens	advmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	enclose	participle		a unripe banana not said here	a bag	with a apple	vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
3	ripen	present	a unripe banana			for the reason; rapidly property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The bag raises the temperature to that of boiling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bag	det
2	bag	bag	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 raises	nsubj
3	raises	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 temperature	det
5	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 raises	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 that	case
7	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 raises	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 boiling	case
9	boiling	boiling	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 that	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	raise	present	the bag	the temperature		that			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme to that=Destination

Option 2

The apple transfers sugar to the banana by contact

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 apple	det
2	apple	apple	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 transfers	nsubj
3	transfers	transfer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 transfers	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 banana	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 banana	det
7	banana	banana	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 transfers	obl
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 contact	case
9	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 transfers	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	transfer	present	the apple	sugar	the banana			by contact	vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent sugar=Theme to banana=Recipient

Option 3

Darkness alone causes immediate ripening

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 causes	nsubj
2	alone	alone	ADV	_	1 Darkness	advmod
3	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	immediate	immediate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 ripening	amod
5	ripening	ripening	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 causes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present	Darkness	immediate ripening					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition ripening=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The apple emits ethylene gas, which accumulates and accelerates ripening

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 apple	det
2	apple	apple	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	nsubj
3	emits	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	ethylene	ethylene	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 gas	amod
5	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 accumulates	punct
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 accumulates	nsubj
8	accumulates	accumulate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 gas	acl:relcl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 accelerates	cc
10	accelerates	accelerate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 accumulates	conj
11	ripening	ripening	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 accelerates	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	emit	present	the apple	ethylene gas	vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source gas=Theme
2	accumulate	present	ethylene gas		vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	accelerate	present	ethylene gas not said here	ripening	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent ripening=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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